Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

kine final > nervous system > Flashcards

nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

3 main functions of the nervous system

A

sensory, integration, motor

Sensory: detecting changes in your environment (internal or external)
Integration: processing and decision making
Motor: telling the body what to do in response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

two components of the nervous system

A

CNS - central nervous system
PNS - peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

aspects of the CNS (2)

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

aspects of the PNS (4)

A

everything thats not in the CNS (all but brain and spinal cord)

-nerves (cranial and spinal)
-ganglia
-sensory receptors in skin
enteric plexuses in small intestine (aka the guts brain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which component of the nervous system is for decision making

A

CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

afferent vs efferent

A

afferent = bringing towards
efferent = carrying away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

are sensory nerves afferent or efferent

A

afferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

are motor nerves afferent or efferent

A

efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the ganglia

A

where two nerves meet up and cast a signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the central nervous system is further divided into two..

A

SNS - somatic NS
ANS - autonomic NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

SNS (receptors and motor) - conscious or unconscious?

A

conscious understanding and voluntary control/movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ANS further divides into:

A

-sympathetic and parasympathetic divisons

-enteric NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ANS - para and sympathetic devisions - (receptors and motor) - conscious or unconscious?

A

the brain picks up the signal on an unconscious and involuntary level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ENS

A

-can often function without sending signals back to the CNS
-involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

neurons

A

-core functions cells in the NS
-transmit signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 components of the neuron structure

A

cell body, dendrites, axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cell body contains..

A

typical organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

dendrites

A

extension of the cytoplasm that direct nervous signals into the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

axon

A

extension of the cytoplasm that carry signals ways from the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

myelin sheath

A

fatty tissue wrapped around the axon that makes signals flow faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

another name for non-nervous cells in the CNS

A

glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

4 types of non-nervous/glial cells in CNS

A

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

purpose of astrocytes

A

-regulate what comes in contact with the neuron
-help hold things together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

purpose of oligodendrocyte

A

create myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
purpose of microglial cells
destroy viruses and bacteria
26
purpose of ependymal cells
line specific open cavities
27
2 types of non-nervous cells in the PNS
satellite cells, schwann cells
28
satellite cells
regulate nutrient and waste movement between neuron and external env (like astocytes but for the PNS)
29
schwann cells
wrap around the axons in the PNS to form myelin sheaths (like oligodendrocytes but for the PNS)
30
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a break down of ___ that slows transmission and create stiffness
myelin sheaths
31
where does the brain develop in the fetus
in the neural tube
32
three primary brain vesicles
fore, mid, hind-brain
33
5 lobes of the brain
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, insula
34
frontal lobe location
front
35
parietal lobe location
upper sides
36
occipital lobe location
low sides
37
temporal lobe location
back
38
insula location
deep to all other lobes (not visible on the surface)
39
brain fissure
a division between two segments of the brain (ie the left and right hemispheres)
40
gyrus
bumps on the outermost layer of the cerebrum
41
sulcus
valleys on the outermost layer of the cerebrum
42
grey matter
in the outermost section of the brain (cortex)
43
white matter
lighter colour on the inside (comes from myelinated axons)
44
which vesicle/region hold the cerebellum
hindbrain
45
forebrain (deep grey matter)
thalamus, hypothalamus, basal nuclei/ganglia
46
thalamus
passes sensory signals towards the cerebrum
47
hypothalamus
controls the ANS and the endocrine system
48
what does the endocrine system produce?
hormones
49
basal nuclei
collection of cell bodies in the CNS that passes voluntary motor signals from the cerebrum
50
how does parkinsons affect basal nuclei
additional involuntary movements pass though
51
forebrain (white matter) - tracts of grouped together myelinated axons
commissural tracts, protection tracts, association tracts
52
commissural tracts
axons that connect the left and right sides of the brain
53
protection tracts
axons that cary sensory info out toward spinal cord and bring back motor signal
54
association tracts
stay within their respective hemi (left or right)
55
longitudinal fibers/tracts
travel though the hemi
56
arcuate fibers/tracts
stay within their lobe
57
midbrain
responsible for eye movement and visual/auditory reflex
58
peduncles
attach the cerebellum to the midbrain
59
hindbrain
pons and medulla oblongata
60
pons
regulate breathing
61
medula oblongate
regulates vital functions (heart rate, breathing, blood pressure)
62
vermis
connects the right and left hemi's to the cerebellum
63
meninges
protective areas surrounding the brain and spinal cord that allows cerebral spinal fluid to access all areas of the brain
64
three layers of cranial meninges
dura mater arachnoid mater pia mater
65
dura mater
external layer
66
arachnoid mater
spider layer
67
pia mater
tender layer
68
venus sinus (veins)
spaces between two dura mater layers that collects poorly oxygenated blood
69
where is CSF (cerebral spinal fluid) made
in the ventricles
70
3 functions of CSF
protects brain fro impact, buoyancy, marker of NS health
71
four ventricles
lateral (x2), third, fourth-ventricle
72
total number of spinal nerve pairs in the spinal cord
31 (one pair at each vertebral layer)
73
where does the spinal cord end?
L2
74
conus medullaris
marks the bottom of the spinal cord
75
filum terminale function
acts as an anchor from the conus medullaris to the coccyx
76
what is filum terminale made of
pia mater
77
cauda equina
spinal nerves that continue below the spinal cord
78
where does a spinal tap take place
between L2 and L3
79
internal structure of the spinal cord (3 things)
myelinated axons, sensory neurons, motor neurons
80
sensory neurons
enter through the posterior to bring info from the body to the spinal cord
81
motor neurons
exit through the anterior to bring info out from the spinal cord into the body
82
cranial nerves vs spinal nerves
cranial - connect directly to the brain spinal - pair at each vertebral layer
83
each spinal nerve divides to form the first branches
posterior rami, anterior rami sensory and motor neurons in both
84
spinal nerve plexi
network of nerves that works together to innervate an area
85
innervate
supple the area
86
4 plexi
cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral-plexus
87
what the the thoracic region have inplace of plexi?
intercostal nerves
88
Cervical plexus (C1 – C4)
innervates areas around the neck, upper shoulders and chest
89
phrenic nerve
through the thorax to the diaphragm helps with breathing comes from the anterior rami of C3,C4,C5 (memory note: C3, 4, 5, keeps the diaphragm alive)
90
Brachial plexus (C5-8 – T1)
innervates upper limbs and thorax
91
Musculocutaneous nerve
innervates anterior arm muscles
92
median nerve
innervates anterior forearm (wrist and hand)
93
ulnar nerve
funny bone - innervates little hand muscles
94
radial nerve
forearm muscles and posterior arm
95
Lumbar plexus (L1 – L4)
mainly innervates lower limbs
96
femoral nerve
innervates anterior thigh
97
Secral plexus (L4-5 – S4) --- NOT A QUESTIONS, just know the region (L4-5 – S4)
97
obturator nerve
innervates adductors
98
sciatic nerve
-biggest nerve in the body (size of 2 fingers) -pressure on it when you sit
99
how many cranial nerves are ther
12 pairs
100
names of the 12 pairs and their functions Memory note for names: Oh, oh, oh, to touch and feel Vanessa Grant’s vagina and hymen Memory note for function: some say marry money but my brother says big brains mean more
Olfactory n S Optic n S Oculomotor n M Trochlear n M Trigeminal n B Abducens n M Facial n B Vestibulocochlear n S Glossopharyngeal n B Vagus n B (Spinal) Accessory n M Hypoglossal n M
101
somatic (SNS) vs autonomic (ANS)
SNS, a single neuron can begin in the spinal cord and travel to its destination ANS, there is always going to be at least 2 neurons involved in a motor signal
102
name of the two neurons used to transmit a motor signal in the ANS
pre and post ganglionic neuron
103
which one is not myelinated (travels slower) - pre or post ganglionic
post
104
Parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS
usually work in opposition of each other
105
neurons in cranial nerve 10
ensure resting heart rate isnt too fast
106
sympathetic neurons between t1 and L2 of the spinal nerve are helpful for:
fight or flight/emergency situations

kine final (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions