Nervous system

Question 1

What is the master control and communication system of the body?

Answer 1

Nervous system

Question 2

Does the nervous system work alone to regulate body homeostasis?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

What is the process of gathering information in the nervous system called?

Answer 3

Sensory input

Question 4

What does integration in the nervous system involve?

Answer 4

Processes and interprets sensory input and decides what should be done

Question 5

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 5

• Central Nervous System (CNS) * Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 6

What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) consist of?

Answer 6

Brain and spinal cord

Question 7

What is the main function of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

Answer 7

Includes all parts of the nervous system outside the CNS

Question 8

What are spinal nerves responsible for?

Answer 8

Impulses to and from the spinal cord

Question 9

What are cranial nerves responsible for?

Answer 9

Impulses to and from the brain

Question 10

What is the sensory division of the nervous system also known as?

Answer 10

Afferent division

Question 11

What do sensory fibers convey?

Answer 11

Impulses to the central nervous system from sensory receptors

Question 12

What are the two types of sensory fibers?

Answer 12

• Somatic Sensory Fibers * Visceral Sensory Fibers

Question 13

What is the motor division of the nervous system also known as?

Answer 13

Efferent division

Question 14

What does the motor division do?

Answer 14

Carries impulses from the CNS to effector organs

Question 15

What are the two subdivisions of the motor division?

Answer 15

• Somatic Nervous System * Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Question 16

What do supporting cells in the nervous system also refer to?

Answer 16

Neuroglia

Question 17

What is the function of astrocytes?

Answer 17

Recapturing chemicals released for communication purposes

Question 18

What type of cells are microglia?

Answer 18

Spiderlike phagocytes that monitor neuron health

Question 19

What do ependymal cells do?

Answer 19

Help circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Question 20

What do oligodendrocytes produce?

Answer 20

Myelin sheaths

Question 21

What is the function of Schwann cells?

Answer 21

Form myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS

Question 22

What are neurons specialized for?

Answer 22

Transmitting messages (nerve impulses)

Question 23

What is the role of dendrites?

Answer 23

Convey incoming messages toward the cell body

Question 24

What is the axon hillock?

Answer 24

Conelike region from which the axon arises

Question 25

What are Nodes of Ranvier?

Answer 25

Gaps in myelin sheaths

Question 26

What do axon terminals contain?

Answer 26

Neurotransmitters

Question 27

What is the synaptic cleft?

Answer 27

The gap between two neurons

Question 28

What is multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer 28

A disease that destroys myelin sheaths around CNS fibers

Question 29

What is gray matter composed of?

Answer 29

Unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies

Question 30

What are the three types of neurons based on structure?

Answer 30

* Multipolar Neurons * Bipolar Neurons * Unipolar Neurons

Question 31

What are the two major functional properties of neurons?

Answer 31

* Irritability * Conductivity

Question 32

What happens during depolarization?

Answer 32

Sodium enters the cell, shifting polarity

Question 33

What is an action potential?

Answer 33

A long-distance signal transmitted by neurons

Question 34

What are reflexes?

Answer 34

Rapid, predictable, involuntary responses to stimuli

Question 35

What are the two types of reflexes?

Answer 35

* Somatic reflexes * Autonomic reflexes

Question 36

What is the function of the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 36

Largest part of the brain, involved in higher brain functions

Question 37

What is the role of the thalamus?

Answer 37

Relay station for sensory impulses

Question 38

What does the hypothalamus regulate?

Answer 38

Body temperature, water balance, and metabolism

Question 39

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 39

Coordinates skeletal muscle activity and balance

Question 40

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 40

Fiber tract connecting the cerebral hemispheres

Question 41

What is the role of the medulla oblongata?

Answer 41

Controls heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing

Question 42

What is the function of the pons?

Answer 42

Relays information from the cerebrum to the cerebellum

Question 43

What is the reticular formation?

Answer 43

Maintains alertness and filters stimuli

Question 44

What does the limbic system mediate?

Answer 44

Emotional responses and memory processing