Nervous System

Question 1

the main organ of the central nervous system?

Answer 1

Brain

The brain processes sensory information and coordinates bodily functions.

Question 2

the structure that connects the brain to the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 2

Spinal cord

The spinal cord transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

Question 3

Which nerves arise directly from the brain?

Answer 3

Cranial nerves

There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that serve various functions.

Question 4

What system controls involuntary bodily functions?

Answer 4

Autonomic nervous system

This includes functions like heart rate and digestion.

Question 5

What is the network of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord called?

Answer 5

Peripheral nervous system

It includes sensory and motor neurons.

Question 6

What is the outermost protective layer of the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 6

Dura mater

It is a tough and durable membrane.

Question 7

What is the innermost layer of the meninges?

Answer 7

Pia mater

It closely adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 8

What is the middle layer of the meninges?

Answer 8

Arachnoid mater

It is web-like and contains cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 9

Which area of the brain is responsible for speech production?

Answer 9

Broca’s area

It is located in the frontal lobe.

Question 10

What part of the brain regulates vital functions such as breathing?

Answer 10

Medulla

It is part of the brainstem.

Question 11

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 11

Coordination and balance

It helps in fine-tuning motor activity.

Question 12

What is the structure that acts as a relay station for signals in the brain?

Answer 12

Pons

It connects the cerebellum to the brainstem.

Question 13

What is the upper part of the brainstem called?

Answer 13

Midbrain

It is involved in vision, hearing, and motor control.

Question 14

What fluid surrounds the brain and spinal cord for protection?

Answer 14

Cerebrospinal fluid

It also helps in nutrient transport.

Question 15

What structure protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood?

Answer 15

Blood-brain barrier

It selectively allows substances to pass into the brain.

Question 16

Which part of the brain regulates hunger, thirst, and body temperature?

Answer 16

Hypothalamus

It plays a crucial role in homeostasis.

Question 17

What is the part of the brain that includes the thalamus and hypothalamus?

Answer 17

Diencephalon

It is involved in sensory and motor signal relay.

Question 18

What is a sudden loss of brain function due to disrupted blood flow?

Answer 18

Stroke

It can cause long-term disability or death.

Question 19

What is the lower part of the brain that controls basic life functions?

Answer 19

Brainstem

It includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla.

Question 20

What is the outer layer of the cerebrum known for higher brain functions?

Answer 20

Cerebral cortex

It is involved in thought, perception, and memory.

Question 21

What system is involved in emotion and memory?

Answer 21

Limbic system

It includes structures like the amygdala and hippocampus.

Question 22

Who was Phineas Gage?

Answer 22

A famous case study in neuroscience

His accident provided insights into brain function and personality.

Question 23

Which neurotransmitter is involved in muscle activation and memory?

Answer 23

Acetylcholine

It is also important in the autonomic nervous system.

Question 24

What neurotransmitter is associated with pleasure and reward?

Answer 24

Dopamine

It plays a role in motivation and mood regulation.

Question 25

What is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Answer 25

GABA ## Footnote It helps to reduce neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.

Question 26

What is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Answer 26

Glutamate ## Footnote It is crucial for synaptic plasticity and learning.

Question 27

Which neurotransmitter is involved in the fight or flight response?

Answer 27

Norepinephrine ## Footnote It increases heart rate and blood flow during stress.

Question 28

What neurotransmitter is often linked to mood regulation?

Answer 28

Serotonin ## Footnote It is commonly associated with feelings of well-being and happiness.

Question 29

What system includes the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 29

Central nervous system ## Footnote It is responsible for processing and transmitting information.

Question 30

What is the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary movements?

Answer 30

Somatic nervous system ## Footnote It connects the central nervous system to skeletal muscles.

Question 31

What type of cells support and protect neurons?

Answer 31

Neuroglia ## Footnote They play various roles in the nervous system.

Question 32

Which type of neuroglia is involved in the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 32

Astrocytes ## Footnote They also support neuronal metabolism.

Question 33

What type of glial cells act as the immune defense in the central nervous system?

Answer 33

Microglia ## Footnote They respond to injury and disease.

Question 34

What type of glial cells line the ventricles of the brain?

Answer 34

Ependymal cells ## Footnote They help produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 35

What type of glial cells myelinate axons in the central nervous system?

Answer 35

Oligodendrocytes ## Footnote They provide insulation to improve signal transmission.

Question 36

What type of cells myelinate axons in the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 36

Schwann cells ## Footnote They are essential for nerve regeneration.

Question 37

What type of glial cells support neurons in the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 37

Satellite cells ## Footnote They provide structural support and regulate the microenvironment.

Question 38

What are the branch-like structures of a neuron that receive signals?

Answer 38

Dendrites ## Footnote They transmit electrical signals toward the cell body.

Question 39

What is the part of the neuron where the axon begins?

Answer 39

Axon hillock ## Footnote It is critical for action potential initiation.

Question 40

What is the endpoint of an axon that releases neurotransmitters?

Answer 40

Axon terminal ## Footnote It communicates with other neurons or muscles.

Question 41

What is the fatty substance that insulates axons?

Answer 41

Myelin ## Footnote It increases the speed of electrical impulses along the axon.

Question 42

What are the gaps in the myelin sheath called?

Answer 42

Nodes of Ranvier ## Footnote They facilitate rapid signal transmission.

Question 43

What is the process called when a neuron's membrane potential becomes less negative?

Answer 43

Depolarization ## Footnote It is a critical step in generating an action potential.