Nervous System Flashcards by Mira Norman

Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Cranial and spinal nerves

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Q

Neuroglia

A

Support, insulate and protect neurons (90%)

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Q

Neurons

A

Conduct impulses (10%)

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Q

Dendrites

A

Bring impulses towards the cell body

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Q

Axon

A

Bring impulses away from the cell body

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Q

Unipolar neuron

A

One single axon

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Q

Axon terminals

A

Release neurotransmitters to pass impulses to other neurons

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Q

Bipolar neuron

A

One axon and one dendrite

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Q

Multipolar neurons

A

One axon and multiple dendrites

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Q

Afferent neurons(sensory)

A

Carry impulses towards the CNS

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Q

Efferent neurons(motor)

A

Carry impulses away from the CNS

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Q

Interneurons

A

Connect Afferent and efferent neurons

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Q

Myelin sheath function

A

Helps nerve impulses travel quicker

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Q

Astrocytes

A

Support and anchor neurons to surrounding capillaries

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Q

Microglia

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A

Provide immune response to CNS

Q

Ependymal cells

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A

Secrete and circulate CSF

Q

Oligodendrocytes

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A

Produce myelin in CNS

Q

Satellite cells

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A

Surround neuron cell bodies in PNS

Q

Schwann cells

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A

Provide myelin insulation to neurons

Q

Action potential

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A

Depolarization when sodium rushes in to the neuron

Q

Synaptic cleft

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A

Gap between adjacent neurons

Q

Meninges

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A

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Q

What does cerebrospinal fluid do

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A

Protects brain from the skull

Choroid plexus

Clusters of capillaries that secrete CSF

Corpous collosum

Nerve fibres that connect the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

Gyri

Ridges of the brain

Sulci

Grooves of the brain

Fissures

Divide portions of the brain

Cerebral cortex

Grey matter made of cell bodies and dendrites

Basal nuclei

Islands of grey matter

Cerebral medulla

White matter made of myelinated axons

Frontal lobe

Associated with reasoning and planning

Parietal lobe

Sensations, visual spatial processing

Occipital lobe

Visual processing, memory of objects

Temporal lobes

Memory, speech, smell and sound

Thalamus

Relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex

Hypothalamus

Autonomic processes and hormones

Cerebellum

Balance and coordination