Nervous System Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is the Nervous System?
The control and communication system of the body.
Cerebrum
- largest part of the brain
- memory
- speech
- voluntary actions
- conscious thought
- receives information from sensory neurons
Cerebellum
- Controls balance and co-ordination
- involuntary muscular activity
Brain Stem
- Encephalic trunk
- other involuntary actions
- heartbeat, digestion, breathing
Left hemisphere of the brain
- Controls right side of the body
- calculating
- reasoning
- speech
Right Hemisphere of the brain
- Controls left side of the body
- creativity
- intuition
- associated with music/art
Frontal lobe
- planning actions
- controlling emotions
Parietal lobe
- giving meaning to information received by the senses
Temporal lobe
- functions related to memory and facial recognition
What are the three types of Neurons
- Sensory neuron
- Interneuron
- Motor neuron
What is the difference between sensory and motor neurons in terms of functions and structure?
Function:
- sensory neurons send impulses to the brain from sensory receptors
- motor neurons send impulses from the brain to muscles/glands
- sensory neurons send information to the brain while motor neurons send information away from the brain
- sensory neurons have receptors while motor neurons don’t
- motor neurons have the cell body at the end while in sensory neurons, the cell body is in the middle
What are the parts of the Neuron?
- Cell body
- Receptor
- Axon
- Synaptic knobs/ axon terminal
- Neurotransmitters
- Myelin Sheaths
- Dendrites
- Nucleus
Receptor
- Detects external stimuli
Cell body
- Contains nucleus
- contains most of cytoplasm
- maintains cell structure
Dendrites
- projections that bring impulses into the neuron to the cell body
Axon
- Long projection that carries impulses away from the cell body
Myelin sheaths
- Fatty tissue that covers the axon of sensory and motor neurons
- Speeds up the speed of impulses
- protective layer
Synaptic knob
- located at the end of the axon
- contains chemicals that allow the transmission of the impulse to the next neuron
- delivers impulses away from the neuron
Neurotransmitters
- chemicals released from the synaptic knob of one neuron to stimulate the next
Nucleus
- produces proteins
- contains genetic material (DNA)
Reflex response arc
Neuron response arc
