Nervous System

Question 1

What is the Cerebellum?

Answer 1

Part of the hindbrain that coordinates movement (limb movements, muscle tone) and maintains balance.

Question 2

Name the 4 lobes of the cerebrum

Answer 2

Frontal lobe, Temporal lobe, Parietal lobe, Occipital lobe.

Question 3

List two things the Frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 3

.voluntary motor control
.smell (olfactory bulb)
.speech
.personality
.intellectual activities (planning, foresight)

Question 4

List two things the Temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 4

.advance visual processing
.smell interpretation
.hearing
.auditory interpretation

Question 5

List two things Parietal lobe responsible for?

Answer 5

.primary sensory areas for taste, touch, temperature
.language
.body awareness

Question 6

What is the Occipital lobe responsible for?

Answer 6

.vision and visual interpretation

Question 7

Name three types of neurones.

Answer 7

.sensory neurones
.motor neurones
.interneurones

Question 8

What is the peripheral nervous system made up of?

Answer 8

it’s made out of the sensory-somatic and the autonomic nervous systems. (together they sense and respond to external and internal stimuli.

Question 9

What does the autonomic nervous system consist of?

Answer 9

it consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

Question 10

What does the sympathetic system do?

Answer 10

it prepares the body for stress.

Question 11

What does the parasympathetic system do?

Answer 11

it’s returns the body to a resting state.

Question 12

What is the nervous system mainly divided into? (2 things)

Answer 12

.central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)

.peripheral nervous system (autonomic and somatic nerves)

Question 13

What is a neurotransmitter?

Answer 13

a chemical messenger released by the presynaptic neuron that binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. (eg. acetylcholine , norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin)

Question 14

What is an action potential? The resting potential?

Answer 14

.the voltage difference across a nerve cell membrane when the nerve is excited
.voltage difference across a nerve cell membrane when it is not transmitting a nerve impulse (usually negative)

Question 15

What’s the difference between grey and white matter?

Answer 15

White matter can regenerate (it’s myelinated) while grey matter is un-myelinated)

Question 16

Define active transport.

Answer 16

movement of substances across cell membranes that uses energy; often moves substances against a concentration gradient.

Question 17

What is a polarized membrane?

Answer 17

.a membrane charged by unequal distribution of positively charged ions inside and outside the nerve cell

Question 18

What is saltatory conduction?

Answer 18

.generation of action potentials only at nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons. resulting in rapid transmission of nerve impulses

Question 19

What is the all-or-none response?

Answer 19

a nerve or muscle fibre responds completely or not at all to a stimulus

Question 20

What is the threshold level?

Answer 20

the minimum level of a stimulus required to produce a response

Question 21

What is summation?

Answer 21

the effect produced by the accumulation of neurotransmitters from two or more neurons

Question 22

Define ganglion

Answer 22

collections of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system

Question 23

What is an effector?

Answer 23

a cell or organ that produces a physiological response when stimulated by a nerve impulse

Question 24

Define the reflex arc

Answer 24

neural circuit through the spinal cord that provides a framework for a reflex action (ie. sensory receptors > sensory neuron > interneuron > motor neuron > effector)

Question 25

What is the cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 25

cushioning fluid that circulates between the innermost and middle membranes of the brain and spinal cord; it provides a connection between neural and endocrine systems

Question 26

What is the cerebrum?

Answer 26

largest and most highly developed part of the human brain, which stores sensory information and initiates voluntary motor activities

Question 27

What is the cerebral cortex?

Answer 27

The outer layer of the cerebral hemisphere

Question 28

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 28

the nerve tract that joins the two cerebral hemispheres

Question 29

What is the thalamus?

Answer 29

the area of the brain that coordinates and interprets sensory information and directs it to the cerebrum

Question 30

What is the hypothalamus?

Answer 30

the “brain within the brain”, it controls the autonomic nervous system, receives information from internal organs, and coordinates nervous/ endocrine (hormone) system and many other things

Question 31

What are the pons?

Answer 31

region of the brain that acts as a rely station by sending nerve messages between the cerebellum and the medulla

Question 32

What is the medulla oblongata?

Answer 32

region of the hindbrain that joins the spinal cord to the cerebellum, an important site for autonomic control

Question 33

What is the olfactory bulb?

Answer 33

the area of the brain that processes information about smell (one bulb in each hemisphere)

Question 34

What is the function of the spinal cord?

Answer 34

.communication between the brain and the peripheral nervous system
.simple reflex actions.

Question 35

What are the functions of the dorsal root and the ventral root?

Answer 35

Dorsal root: sensory neurons enter into the spinal cord

Ventral root: motor neurons leave the spinal cord

Question 36

What is a vagus nerve?

Answer 36

a major cranial nerve that is a part of the parasympathetic nervous system