Nervous System

Question 0

Cells type in the neural tissue and does many other functions

Answer 0

Neurological cells

Question 1

A cell type in neural tissue that transmit impulses

Answer 1

Neurons

Question 2

Brain and spinal cord

Answer 2

Central nervous system (CNS)

Question 3

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Answer 3

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 4

Sensory receptors gather information and informant ions carried to the CNS

Answer 4

Sensory function.

Question 5

Sensory information used to create sensations, memory, thoughts, decisions

Answer 5

Integrative function.

Question 6

Decisions are acted upon

Impulses are carried to effectors

Answer 6

Motor functions

Question 7

A division of motor functions of PNS- transmits impulses to skeletal muscles

Answer 7

Somatic

Question 8

Division of motor functions if PNS- transmits impulses to smooth muscles, cardiac muscle and glands

Answer 8

Autonomic

Question 9

Part of a neuron in the nervous system- transmits impulses and releases neurotransmitter to another neuron or effector

Answer 9

Axon

Question 10

Axons which are tightly wrapped by neuroglial cells which are termed what?

Answer 10

Myelinated

Question 11

Contains myelinated axons

Considered fiver tracts

Answer 11

White matter

Question 12

Contains I myelinated structures

-cell bodies, dentrites

Answer 12

Gray matter

Question 13

Due to structural differences, neurons can be classified into 3 major groups

Answer 13

Bipolar neurons
Unipolar neurons
Multipolar neurons

Question 14

Two processes

Eyes, ears, nose

Answer 14

Bipolar neurons

Question 15

One process
Ganglia of PNS
sensory

Answer 15

Unipolar neurons

Question 16

Classification of neurons: 
Afferent
Carry impulse to CNS
Most are unipolar
Some are bipolar
Ex: from senses to CNS

Answer 16

Sensory neurons

Question 17

Classification of neurons;
Links neurons 
Multipolar
Located in the CNS
Found inside brain and spinal cord

Answer 17

Interneurons

Question 18

Classification of neurons:
Multipolar
Cary impulses away from CNS
Carry impulses to effectors

Answer 18

Motor neurons

Question 19

Types of neuroglial cells in the CNS

Answer 19

1. Astrocytes
2. Oligodendrocytes
3. Microglia
4. Ependyma or ependymal

Question 20

• scar tissue
• aid metabolism if certain substances
• induce synapse formation
• connect neurons to blood vessels
• part of blood brain barrier

Answer 20

Astrocytes

Question 21

Myelinating cell

Answer 21

Oligodendrocytes

Question 22

Phagocytize cell

Answer 22

Microglia

Question 23

Ciliated
Line central canal of spinal cord
Line ventricles of brain

Answer 23

Ependyma or ependymal

Question 24

Types of neuroglial cells in the PNS

Answer 24

Schwann cells | Satellite cells

Question 25

Produces myelin found on peripheral myelinated neurons and Soren up neurotransmission

Answer 25

Schwann cells (PNS)

Question 26

Support clusters of neuron cell bodies (ganglia)

Answer 26

Satellite cells (PNS)

Question 27

Neurons can not divide | If cell body is injured, the neuron usually if a peripheral axon is injured it may regenerate

Answer 27

Neuroglia and axonal regeneration

Question 28

If it transmits neurons toward the post neuron

Answer 28

Pre-synaptic neuron

Question 29

When transmitters are going away from the post

Answer 29

Post- synaptic neuron

Question 30

Are released when impulse reaches synaptic knob

Answer 30

Neurotransmitters

Question 31

A cell membrane is usually electrically charged, or polarized, so that the inside of the membrane is negatively charged with respect of the outside of the membrane ( which is then positively charged) This is as a result of unequal distribution of ions on the inside and outside of the membrane

Answer 31

Cell membrane potential

Question 32

Potassium K+ ions are the major intercellular positive ions (cations)

Answer 32

.

Question 33

Sodium Na+ ions are the major extracellular positive ions

Answer 33

.

Question 34

A polarized membrane and inside of the cell is negative relative to the outside of the cell

Answer 34

Resting membrane potential (RMP)

Question 35

``` Caused by various stimuli: Temperature changes Light Pressure Chanel's are 1: chemically gated 2: voltage gated or 3; mechanically gated ```

Answer 35

Local potential changes

Question 36

At rest the membrane is polarized

Answer 36

RMP= -70

Question 37

Sodium channels open and membrane does what?2

Answer 37

Depolarize

Question 38

Potassium leaves cytoplasm and membrane does what?

Answer 38

Re polarizes (+30)

Question 39

Brief Period of what (-90)

Answer 39

Hyper polarization

Question 40

As Na+ moves into the membrane depolarizes until it reaches +30 mV

Answer 40

Action potential

Question 41

As membrane potential drops below -70mV the membrane is what?

Answer 41

Hyper polarized

Question 42

K+ moves out of membrane and then does what?

Answer 42

Repolarizes

Question 43

Is conducted whenever a stimulus of threshold intensity or above is applied to and axon

Answer 43

Nerve impulse

Question 44

If a neuron axon responds at all, it responds completely- with an action potential

Answer 44

Nerve impulse

Question 45

All impulses carried on an axon are what?

Answer 45

The same strength

Question 46

Myelinated axons transmit impulses through what? Which is faster than impulses along unmyelinated axons.

Answer 46

Saltatory conduction

Question 47

1st event leading to nerve impulse conduction

Answer 47

Nerve cell membrane maintains resting potential by diffusion of Na+ down their concentration gradients as the cell pumps

Question 48

2nd event leading to nerve impulse conduction

Answer 48

Neurons receive stimulation, causing local potentials, which may sum to reach threshold

Question 49

3rd event leading to nerve impulse conduction

Answer 49

Sodium channels in the trigger zone in the axon open

Question 50

4th event leading to nerve impuls conduction

Answer 50

Sodium ions defused inward, depolarizing the membrane

Question 51

5th event leading to nerve impulse conduction

Answer 51

Potassium channels in the membrane open

Question 52

6th event leading to nerve impulse conduction

Answer 52

Potassium ions diffuse outward, repolarizing the membrane

Question 53

7th event leading to nerve impulse conduction

Answer 53

The resulting action potential causes an electric current that stimulates adjacent portions of the membrane

Question 54

8th event leading to impulse conduction

Answer 54

Action potentials occur sequentially along the length of the axon as nerve impulse