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BIOLOGY 2: FOUNDATION REVIEW > Nervous System > Flashcards

Flashcards in Nervous System Deck (33)
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1
Q

part of the neuron the protrudes from the cell body

receives the stimulus

A

dendrites

2
Q

part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and metabolic machinery

A

cell body (cell soma)

3
Q

part of the neuron the transmits action potentials and nerve impulses
has a sheath composed of Schwann cells

A

axon

4
Q

sheath around axon composed of Schwann cells

speeds up the impulse since the impulse jumps from node to node (nodes of Ranvier)

A

myelin sheath

5
Q

nodes that separate Schwann cells

electrical impulses jump from node to node – speeds up transmission of nerve impulse

A

nodes of ranvier

6
Q

part of the neuron the secretes neurotransmitter into the synapse

A

synaptic terminals

7
Q

a neurotransmitter diffuses across the synapse and binds to receptors on the _______, causing an action potential

A

postsynaptic cell

8
Q

Neurotransmitters must either be _______ or _____ quickly (i.e. acetylcholine degraded by acetylcholinesterase)

A

reabsorbed or degraded

9
Q

3 effectors of a neuron

A

nerve, gland, or muscle

10
Q

connects the axon to the cell body

A

axon hillock

11
Q

impulses that travel the length of the axon and cause neurotransmitter to be released at the axon terminal

A

action potential

12
Q

membrane potential at which membrane is polarized
prior to being stimulated, a neuron is at its __________ potential, meaning there is a high [Na+] outside the cell and low [Na+] inside the cell and high [K+] inside the cell and low [K+] outside the cell.

A

resting potential

13
Q

At its resting potential, there is a high concentration of ________ outside the cell and a high concentration of ______ inside the cell.

A

high [Na+] outside

high [K+] inside

14
Q

At its resting potential, ______ cannot diffuse back into the cell, but ______ can diffuse out through its appropriate channel

A

Na+ can’t diffuse in

K+ can diffuse out through K+ channel

15
Q

At its resting potential, the _____ of the membrane is positive due to the concentration of Na+ and K+ ions.

A

positive.

16
Q

During an _______, the sodium channels open and the membrane is depolarized

A

action potential

17
Q

If a stimulus comes along which excites the cell sufficiently (to reach the threshold level), then an ________ will occur

A

action potential

18
Q

If an action potential is generated, the _____ channels open quickly and ions flood in with its concentration gradient. This results in depolarization of the cell (or reversal of polarity), and the action potential spreads down the neuron

A

Na+

19
Q

After the action potential, Na+ channels have shut, and the resting potential must be restored in a process called _____. This is accomplished by actively (using ATP) pumping 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in.

A

Repolarization

20
Q

type of neuron
afferent neurons - conducting toward central nervous system
travel from nerves to CNS

A

sensory neurons

21
Q

type of neuron
efferent neuron - conducting away from central nervous system
travel from CNS to nerves

A

motor neurons

22
Q

connect sensory and motor neurons

A

interneurons

23
Q

two major divisions of the nervous system

A

central and peripheral

24
Q

nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system

25
Q

nervous system except for brain and spinal cord

A

peripheral

26
Q

two divisions of the peripheral nervous system

A

sensory

motor

27
Q

two divisions of the motor nervous system (of peripheral nervous system)

A

somatic: voluntary, skeletal muscle
autonomic: involuntary, cardiac and smooth muscle

28
Q

voluntary, skeletal muslces

A

peripheral nervous system&raquo_space; motor&raquo_space; somatic

29
Q

involuntary, cardiac and smooth muscle

A

peripheral nervous system&raquo_space; motor&raquo_space; autonomic

30
Q

two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic: fight or flight
parasympathetic: rest and digest

31
Q

division of nervous system the deals with “Fight or flight”

stimulated by epinephrine and norepinephrine neurotransmitter

A

peripheral nervous system&raquo_space; motor&raquo_space; autonomic&raquo_space; sympathetic nervous system

32
Q

division of nervous system that deals with “rest and digest”
stimulated by acetylcholine neurotransmitter

A

peripheral nervous system&raquo_space; motor&raquo_space; autonomic&raquo_space; parasympathetic nervous system

33
Q

clusters of neurons

A

ganglia