Nervous System 3

Question 1

Cerebrum

Answer 1

Comprises of two hemispheres

Connected via the corpus callosum

Question 2

The cerebrum includes

Answer 2

Cerebral cortex (gray mater)
White mater
Corpus callosum
Basil ganglia
Hippocampus
Amygdala

Question 3

The falx cerebri

Answer 3

Large crescent-shaped fold of meningeal layer of the Dura mater that descends vertically in the longitudinal figure separating the two hemispheres to the level of the corpus callosum

Question 4

Tentorium cerebelli

Answer 4

Fold of meningeal layer of the dura mater that lies between the dorsum of the cerebellar hemispheres in posterior part of the cerebrum

It lies between the cerebellum and cerebral cortex

Question 5

Corpus callosum

Answer 5

Largest brain commissure

Connects the two two hemispheres

Made up of white Mater (axons)

Information superhighway between the two hemispheres

Critical to integration of sensory, motor, emotional, cognitive and communication functions

Question 6

Basal ganglia consist of

Answer 6

Putamen
Globus pallidus
Caudate
Substantia nigra
Subthalamic nuclei

Question 7

Functions of Basal Ganglia

Answer 7

Motor regulation

Mood and emotional states

Language and social pragmatic skills

Question 8

Hippocampus

Answer 8

Lies deep behind the temporal cortex

Primary memory and learning center

Question 9

Amygdala

Answer 9

Fear and emotional processing

Processing and storage of social experiences

Endocrine responses to emotional stimuli

Question 10

Cerebral cortex consists of:

Answer 10

Cingulate gyrus
Insula
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe

Question 11

Cerebral cortex functions:

Answer 11

Cognitive functions
Language functions
Emotional processing
Sensory functions
Motor functions

Question 12

Gyrus (gyri)

Answer 12

Mountains

Question 13

Fissure

Answer 13

Deep groove/valley

Question 14

Sulcus (sulci)

Answer 14

Shallow grooves

Question 15

Longitudinal Fissure

Answer 15

DIVIDES CEREBRUM INTO RIGHT AND LEFT HEMISPHERES

Extends from rostral end to the caudal end of the cerebrum

Question 16

Central fissure (Rolandic fissure)

Answer 16

SEPARATES THE FRONTAL LOBE FROM THE PARIETAL

Lies horizontally on the center of each hemisphere, extending from the longitudinal fissure superiorly to end at the temporal fissure inferiorly

Question 17

Temporal fissure (sylvian)

Answer 17

SEPARATES THE TEMPORAL LOBE FROM THE FRONTAL AND FROM THE PARIETAL

Extends laterally on the lateral part of the cerebral cortex

Question 18

Parieto-occipital sulcus

Answer 18

SEPARATES THE OCCIPITAL LOBE FROM THE PARIETAL

Perpendicular to the longitudinal figure

Extends inferiorly to the borders of the temporal cortex

Question 19

Cingulate gyrus

Answer 19

Overlook the longitudinal fissure and buried within it

Functions:
Analyzing thoughts

Language script formation

Mood regulation

Question 20

Insula / insular cortex

Answer 20

Involved in motor speech production

Center for intuition

Central part of the brain, default mechanism

Transforms emotional experiences into feelings and bodily sensation

Question 21

Frontal lobe of cerebral cortex

Answer 21

Major landmarks:

Precentral gyrus (functionally known as the primary motor cortex)

Pre-motor cortex

Supplementary motor area

Prefrontal cortex

Broca’s area

Question 22

Precentral gyrus (primary motor cortex)

Answer 22

Responsible for motor activation

Gives origin to the pyramidal tract

Question 23

Pre-motor cortex

Answer 23

Major center for motor planning

Contributes to activation of movement

Serves as a bank for storing movement maps/plans

Question 24

Supplementary motor area

Answer 24

Contributes to speech motor planning

Contributes to editing of movement commands/scripts

Located superior to the pre-motor area and part of it is within the longitudinal fissure

Question 25

Prefrontal cortex

Answer 25

Alertness and awareness Attention Emotional regulation Motor control

Question 26

Broca’s area

Answer 26

Located in posterior inferior left frontal lobe in front of the foot of the pre-motor area Functions: Lexical processing and storage Processes and stores syntactic patterns Motor programming for speech

Question 27

Temporal lobe

Answer 27

Separated from frontal and parietal lobes by the lateral fissure (fissure of sylvius) Landmarks: Primary auditory cortex (BA 41 & 42) Auditory association cortex (BA 21) Wernicke’s area (BA 22 ONLY LH) Functions: Dominant for auditory processing, speech recognition, and comprehension of language

Question 28

Wernickes area

Answer 28

BA 22 ONLY LH Phonemic assembly Sound-meaning association Oral expression

Question 29

Parietal lobe

Answer 29

Located immediately posterior to the central fissure Primary area for processing of sensory information (written language) Functions: Locating objects and object manipulation Touch perception Goal directed voluntary movements

Question 30

Post Central gyrus (somatosensory cortex)

Answer 30

Is a sensory map of entire body Receives in process of sensory information from all body parts

Question 31

Primary visual cortex

Answer 31

Located posterior to the temporal lobe and inferior to parietal lobe Receives, processes, and stores visual stimuli Also contributes to higher level visual processing