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Nervous System > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Nervous System

A

sensory input: receives information
integration: processing
motor output: effectors activated

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2
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

integrative and control centers

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3
Q

PNS

A

cranial and spinal nerves
communication between CNS and rest of body
*splits to sensory and motor divisions

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4
Q

sensory division of PNS

A

AFFERENT

  • somatic and visceral sensory nerve fibers
  • conducts impulses from receptors to CNS
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5
Q

motor division of PNS

A

EFFERENT

  • motor nerve fibers
  • conduct impulses from CNS to effectors
  • splits to somatic and autonomic systems
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6
Q

somatic nervous system

A

voluntary

-conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles

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7
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary

  • conducts impulses from CNS to cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, and glands
  • splits to sympathetic and parasympathetic division
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8
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

mobilizes body systems during activity

-fight or flight

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9
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

conserves energy & promotes housekeeping functions during rest
-rest and digest

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10
Q

neurons

A

nerve cells that conduct action potentials

  • do not heal (amitotic)
  • high metabolic rate
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11
Q

cell body

A

nucleus and organelles-control center

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12
Q

dendrites

A

many short branches

conduct action potential TOWARD cell body

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13
Q

axons

A

one long process
conduct action potential AWAY from cell body
-branches of axon=axon collaterals

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14
Q

axon hillock

A

transition from cell body to axon

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15
Q

synaptic knobs

A

(terminal boutons)

enlargements at the ends of axons containing neurotransmitter

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16
Q

synapses

A

specialized junctions between a neuron and another cell

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17
Q

neurofibrils

A

intermediate filaments used to intracellular transport in cell body

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18
Q

nissl bodies

A

ribosomes surrounding the nucleus, produce protein

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19
Q

myelin sheath

A 
waxy membranous wrapping around axons
function to speed up action potential
20
Q

nodes of ranvier

A

small gaps between each myelinating cell

21
Q

myelin sheath formation

A 
schwann cell
nucleus
basal lamina
myelin sheath
neurilemma
22
Q

epineurium

A

surrounds entire nerve

23
Q

perineurium

A

surrounds fascicles

24
Q

endoneurium

A

surrounds individual neurons

-superficial to myelin sheath

25
Q

bipolar neuron

A

one dendrite + one axon off opposite poles of cell

-special senses

26
Q

(pseudo)unipolar

A

one process off cell body, splits into dendrite/axon

-sensory neurons

27
Q

multipolar

A

several dendrites and one axon

  • motor neurons
  • most common type in CNS
28
Q

sensory neuron

A

conduct impulses along afferent pathway to CNS

-connect w/receptors

29
Q

motor neuron

A

conduct impulses along efferent pathway away from CNS

-connect w/muscle or gland

30
Q

interneuron

A

90% of all neurons
only in CNS
multipolar dendrites and axons synapse w/other neurons

31
Q

PNS glial cells

A

schwann cells

32
Q

CNS glial cells

A

oligodendocytes
astrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells

33
Q

Schwann cell

A

also called neurolemmocyte

can only myelinate section of one axon (PNS)

34
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

myelinating cell of CNS

single cell can myelinated several axons

35
Q

astrocytes

A

blood brain barrier
regulate ion and nutrient concentration
injury repair

36
Q

microglia

A

remove cell debris, waste, and pathogens by phagocytosis

37
Q

ependymal cells

A

line brain ventricles, produce and monitor CSF

38
Q

subdivisions of CNS

A

neuron cell bodies form NUCLEUS
axons arranged in tracts
myelination by oligodendocytes

39
Q

subdivisions of PNS

A

cell bodies form GANGLION
axons arranged in nerves
myelination by Schwann cells

40
Q

reflex

A

rapid, automatic, patterned responses to stimulation

41
Q

reflex arc

A 
arrival of stimulus-activates receptor
activation of sensory neuron
info processes in CNS
activation of motor neuron
response by effector
42
Q

development reflexes

A

innate reflexes: genetically determined

acquired reflexes: learned

43
Q

response reflexes

A

somatic reflexes: control skeletal muscle contractions
-superficial and stretch reflexes
visceral (autonomic) reflexes: control actions of smooth and cardiac muscles and glands

44
Q

circuit reflexes

A

monosynaptic: one synapse
polysynaptic: multiple synapses (2+)

45
Q

site reflexes

A

spinal reflexes: process in spinal cord

cranial reflexes: process in brain

Nervous System (6 decks)

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