Nervous System

Question 1

What do the meninges envelop?

Answer 1

Brain

Spinal cord

Question 2

In the CNS, which cells are responsible for myelination?

Answer 2

Oligodendrocytes

Question 3

How do anti-pyretic drugs work?

Answer 3

Inhibit cycle-oxygenate enzyme

Also reduce level of prostaglandins in hypothalamus

Question 4

What are the layers of the meninges from outer to inner most layer?

Answer 4

Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia mater

Question 5

Which is darker, grey or white matter?

Answer 5

Grey matter

Question 6

What makes up grey matter?

Answer 6

Cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals

Question 7

What makes up white matter?

Answer 7

Glial cell, myelinated axons

Question 8

What makes up Nissl bodies/substance?

Answer 8

Aggregations of RER

Question 9

What is the function of the cell body?

Answer 9

Maintenance of the axon etc

Question 10

What can cause multiple sclerosis?

Answer 10

Loss of myelination (by oligodendrocytes) in the CNS

Question 11

How many axons can 1 Schwann cell myelinate?

Answer 11

Only 1

Question 12

How many axons can 1 oligodendrocyte myelinate?

Answer 12

Many- up to 250

Question 13

What makes a neurone pre-ganglionic?

Answer 13

When it’s cell body is in the CNS

Question 14

What makes a neurone post ganglionic?

Answer 14

When it’s cell body is in the PNS

Question 15

What does the afferent division of the PNS do?

Answer 15

Send info TO the CNS via sensory/afferent neurones

Question 16

List the glial cells found in the CNS

Answer 16

Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells

Question 17

List the glial cells of the PNS and what they do

Answer 17

Schwann cells, satellite cells. Schwann form myelin sheath, satellite cells offer physical support amongst other roles

Question 18

What is the role of ependymal cells, what are they and where are they found?

Answer 18

Ciliated cuboidal epithelial cells, Line central canal and form a physical barrier, produce cerebrospinal fluid

Question 19

What are astrocytes and what do they do?

Answer 19

Most abundant neuroglia, wrap around capillaries, form blood brain barrier (BBB), control chemical environment within CNS

Question 20

What do microglial cells do?

Answer 20

They are macrophages so act as the immune cells of CNS

Question 21

Why is myelination so important?

Answer 21

Allows depolarisation to ‘jump’ between nodes of ranvier, means it doesn’t have to occur along the whole length of the axon which would be a lot slower.

Question 22

What does myelin consist of?

Answer 22

Layers of plasma membrane wrapped around the axon TF high density of lipids present

Question 23

How would you stain nerve axons without losing lipids in myelin?

Answer 23

Use osmium tetroxide–> preserves lipids

Question 24

Which is the fight or flight response done by- para or sympathetic?

Answer 24

Sympathetic

Question 25

Parasympathetic is....

Answer 25

Rest & digest- (think pathetic= lazy)

Question 26

What are the two divisions of the Peripheral nervous system?

Answer 26

Autonomic (involuntary), somatic (voluntary)

Question 27

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 27

Sympathetic (fight or flight), parasympathetic (rest & digest)

Question 28

Think of the Sympathetic nervous system as everything you'd want/wouldn't want to do when you're....

Answer 28

Being chased, eg fill bladder/store urine, dilate pupils, don't cry, ^HR, bronchodilaton, ejaculate

Question 29

Think of the parasympathetic nervous system as everything you'd want to do if you're...

Answer 29

Watching TV/just chilling eg empty bladder, cry, decrease HR, peristalsis, erection, produce a lot of saliva etc

Question 30

What is plasticity?

Answer 30

Where neurones are damaged, the CNS can establish alternative routes around the damage to allow function to return.