Nervous System

Question 1

The central nervous system includes? and is protected by the?

Answer 1

Includes the brain and spinal cord… protected by the cranium and vertebral canal

Question 2

The Peripheral Nervous system includes?

Answer 2

cranial and spinal nerves

Question 3

Nervous system can be divided into

Answer 3

sensory, motor and integration components

Question 4

carries sensory information such as touch, vision, hearing, smells and taste

Answer 4

The Somatic sensory part

Question 5

involuntary: amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood or the makeup of the food traveling through the digestive tract

Answer 5

the visceral sensory parti

Question 6

Voluntary; part of the nervous system that delivers impulses to skeletal muscles

Answer 6

somatic motor

Question 7

Involuntary; Delivers impulses to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands

Answer 7

Visceral Motor (autonomic system)

Question 8

Somatic sensory input can cause

Answer 8

viceral motor or somatic motor response

Question 9

Visceral sensory input can cause

Answer 9

visceral motor or somatic motor response

Question 10

dendritic processess

Answer 10

carries impulses to cell body

Question 11

axonal processes

Answer 11

carries impulse away from the cell body; often mylinated

Question 12

Rare; have one dendritic process and one axonal process; found in the retina and olfactory epithelium
specialized for sight, smell and hearing

Answer 12

Bipolar Neurons

Question 13

Neurons carry sensation from the skin, have specialized sensory receptors for touch, pressure, vibration, pain and temp.

Answer 13

Unipolar Neurons (or pseudounipolar)

Question 14

have a single axon and multiple dendritic processes; they function as motor neurons and interneurons; may have sparsely or extensively branched arbors

Answer 14

Multipolar neurons

Question 15

Also referred to as Afferents; Found in the dorsal horns; unipolar neurons; carry sensation from the skin to the central nervous system

Answer 15

sensory neurons

Question 16

Also referred to as Efferents; Found in the ventral horns they deliver impulses (motor commands) to muscles and glands; they are multipolar; cell bodies are in the spinal cord and their axons project out to their target

Answer 16

Motor Neurons

Question 17

Multipolar and located entirely within the CNS; may decide to send information up to the cerebral cortex for awareness; may decide to send the information to motor neurons in anterior horns for motor response

Answer 17

Interneurons

Question 18

Help to regulate what leaves the capillaries and enters the interstitial space, by helping to form the blood-brain-barrier; Fill in space left by dead cells to maintain the CNS; release small bursts of calcium

Answer 18

Astrocytes

Question 19

Somewhat cuboidal shape with cilia; join capillaries to form choroid plexus

Answer 19

Ependymal Cells

Question 20

Found in the ventricles of the brain; produces cerebrospinal fluid;

Answer 20

choroid process

Question 21

cilia of ependymal cells help to circulate? this provides nourishment and protection for the CNS

Answer 21

Cerebral Spinal Fluid

Question 22

Especially Small; wander through the CNS and clean up debris from dead cells (through phagocytosis)

Answer 22

Microglia

Question 23

Have multiple projections that project out nearby axons; myelin acts like insulation and increases conduction velocity in neurons; myelinate more than one axon

Answer 23

oligodendrocytes

Question 24

Found on the outside of the cell bodies of unipolar neurons; They help you deliver nutrients and remove waste products

Answer 24

Satellite Cells

Question 25

Also called Schwan cells; Found in the peripheral nerves; myelinate neuronal processes (motor and sensory); They assist with nerve regeneration by releasing nerve growth factor; dedicate themselves to a small section of axon

Answer 25

Neurolemmocytes

Question 26

The connective tissue around a single axon

Answer 26

Endoneurium

Question 27

the conncective tissue around a bundle of axons (Fascicle)

Answer 27

Perineurium

Question 28

Connective tissue around a peripheral nerve

Answer 28

Epineurium

Question 29

Can occur in PNS but not CNS

Answer 29

Nerve regeneration

Question 30

The method by which most neurons communicate with other neurons, muscles and glands; typically between neurons

Answer 30

Chemical Synapse

Question 31

Forebrain

Answer 31

Prosencephalon

Question 32

midbrain

Answer 32

mesencephalon

Question 33

hindbrain

Answer 33

rhombencephalon

Question 34

The prosencephalon specializes into secondary vesicles named the

Answer 34

telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 35

The mesencephalon specializes into the secondary vesicle

Answer 35

mesencephalon

Question 36

The rhombencephalon specializes into secondary vesicles named

Answer 36

mesencephalon and myelencephalon

Question 37

Cerebrum: cerebral hemispheres (cortex, white matter, basal nuclei) olfactory bulbs

Answer 37

telencephalon

Question 38

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

Answer 38

Diencephalon

Question 39

Brain stem; midbrain; optic lobes

Answer 39

Mesencephalon

Question 40

Brain stem; pons; cerebellum

Answer 40

Metencephalon

Question 41

brain stem; medulla oblongata; spinal cord

Answer 41

myelencephalon

Question 42

pia mater, arachnoid mater and dura mater

Answer 42

the three layers of connective tissue in the meninges

Question 43

Thin layer of connective tissue adherent to the surface of the brain, following the surface of gyro and sulci

Answer 43

pia mater (delicate mother)

Question 44

Located external to the pia mater, more loosely covering the brain without diving to the sulci

Answer 44

arachnoid mater (webby mother)

Question 45

composed of two layers; periosteal layer and meningeal layer

Answer 45

dura mater (tough mother)

Question 46

empties into the confluence of sinuses

Answer 46

superior sagittal sinus

Question 47

in the precentral gyrus; control skeletal muscle activity on the opposite side of the body according to the motor homunculus

Answer 47

Primary motor cortex

Question 48

anterior to primary cortex; causes groups of muscles to contract in a specific sequence

Answer 48

promoter cortex

Question 49

at lower margin of the premotor area; associated with the ability to speak and write so others can understand

Answer 49

Broca's area

Question 50

in premotor cortex; regulates eye movements needed for reading and binocular vision

Answer 50

Frontal eye field

Question 51

In post central gyrus; receives sensation from the skin on the opposite side of the body according to the sensory homunculus

Answer 51

primary somatosensory cortex

Question 52

posterior to the primary somatosensory cortex; integrates the qualities of the sensory information coming into the primary somatosensory cortex in order to identify everyday objects without having to look at them

Answer 52

somatosensory association cortex

Question 53

within the occipital lobe; process incoming visual information

Answer 53

primary visual cortex

Question 54

takes the visual information entering the primary visual cortex and allows it to recognize what an object is (or represents)

Answer 54

visual association cortex

Question 55

in temporal lobe; provides for the conscious awareness of smells.

Answer 55

Primary olfactory cortex

Question 56

in the temporal lobe; Receives and processes auditory information

Answer 56

primary auditory cortex

Question 57

within the insula; processes taste information

Answer 57

Primary gustatory cortex

Question 58

found in the left hemisphere; involved with understanding written and spoken language

Answer 58

Wernicke area

Question 59

Responsible for integration all sensory information in order to provide context to your environment

Answer 59

Gnostic area

Question 60

located on the medial aspect of the hemispheres; processes and experiences emotions and memories tied to strong emotions

Answer 60

Limbic system

Question 61

interconnect different regions of the same hemisphere

Answer 61

association tracts

Question 62

interconnect the two hemispheres

Answer 62

commissural tracts

Question 63

link the hemispheres with the brainstem and spinal cord

Answer 63

projection tracts