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Flashcards in Nervous system Deck (29)
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1
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies

2
Q

What are dendrites?

A

Extensions from the body that allow us to increase the surface area of a cell

3
Q

What is the difference between a single axon an a named nerve?

A

Single axons only transmit a single fibre type (motor/sensory) but named nerves are a collection of axons so can transmit several fibre types

4
Q

What are the 6 functions of a single nerve fibre(axon)?

A

1) Somatic sensory
2) Somatic motor
3) Special sensory
4) Visceral afferent
5) Sympathetic
6) Parasympathetic

5
Q

What is the somatic sensory function?

A

It gives sensation and tells the spinal cord/brain about a pain somewhere on the body wall

6
Q

What is the somatic Motor function?

A

It causes something to move/twitch and tell a skeletal muscle to contract

7
Q

What is the special sensory function?

A

Tells the brain about a “special” sensation: sight, smell,taste,sound,balance

8
Q

What is the visceral afferent function?

A

Tells the spinal cord/brain about a pain from an organ

9
Q

What is sympathetic/ parasympathetic function?

A

Part of the autonomic nervous system and tells cardiac or smooth muscle to contract or a gland to secrete

10
Q

What are the components of the central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal cord

11
Q

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

A
  • 12 pairs of cranial nerves mainly in contact with the brain e.g vagus nerves
  • 31 pairs of spinal nerves that connect with the spinal cord and have named branches e.g phrenic
12
Q

What nerve supplies the soma (body wall)?

A

Spinal nerves

13
Q

What does the posterior ramus do?

A

Supplies the back (posterior part of the body wall) with sensation and motor supply

14
Q

What does the anterior ramus do?

A

Supplies the rest of the body walls (anterolateral part of the body wall)

15
Q

What is the function of the nervous system?

A

Allows us to sense our environment and to effect an appropriate response

16
Q

What are the 2 categories of the nervous system?

A
  • somatic- external environment

- autonomic nervous- internal environment

17
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do and where are the neurones found?

A

Supplies the soma and responds to external environment.

-The neutrons are found in spinal nerve branches i.e intercostal/phrenic

18
Q

What is the functions autonomic nervous?

A

Senses and responds to internal environment i.e heart rate and is involuntary as we dont need to think about it

19
Q

What is ‘flight or flight’ controlled by?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

20
Q

Describe the sympathetic supply to the soma?

A
  • in ‘fight or flight’ , action potential are generated in autonomic centres in the brain
  • the conducted via the spinal cord into T1-L2 spinal nerves
  • sympathetic axons then enter all spinal and then all anterior and posterior ram I to be carried to the body wall
21
Q

What thoracolumbar outflow?

A

Action potentials conducted into T1-L2 spinal nerves

22
Q

How do sympathetic access head / neck and organs?

A
  • on the arteries to ‘hitch a ride” to head and neck structures
  • on arteries or cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
23
Q

What do sympathetic connections (rami communications) connect?

A

Spinal nerves T1 to L2 and the paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunk

24
Q

What neurotransmitter lies in all paravertebral ganglia as part of the sympathetic system?

A

noradrenaline

25
Q

What do pharmacological agents (drugs) do at synapses as part of the sympathetic system?

A

Target synapses to block the action of noradrenaline to e.g. modify a patients blood pressure etc

26
Q

What is parasympathetic (craniosacral) “outflow” ?

A

Nerves containing parasympathetic axons travelling to only the organs - not the body wall

27
Q

What nerves are parasympathetic carried in?

A

-cranial nerves III, VII,IX,X (mainly the vagus nerves) and sacral nerves

28
Q

What neurotransmitter is found in parasympathetic ganglia system?

A

acetylcholine

29
Q

What do pharmacological agents (drugs) do at synapses as part of the parasympathetic system?

A

Target the synapse to block the action of acetylcholine and e.g. dilate an asthmatic patients bronchioles etc