nervous system Flashcards
(32 cards)
is a complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body
nervous system
is the stimuli that is perceived by our senses like smell, sight, touch, taste, and hearing.
sensory input
Transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs,
integration
the complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body. In vertebrates it comprises the brain and spinal cord
central nervous system
the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
is the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles
somatic nervous system
the part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes
autonomic nervous system
These cells that form myelin, protect, support, and maintain equilibrium in your nervous system are called glial cells
neuroglia
characteristic star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord
astrocytes
they act as the first and main form of active immune defence in the central nervous system
microglia
a type of glial cell
ependymal cells
a glial cell similar to an astrocyte but with fewer protuberances, concerned with the production of myelin in the central nervous system
oligodendrocytes
a myelin-secreting glial cell that spirally wraps around an axon of the peripheral nervous system to form the myelin sheath
Schwann cells
are precursors to skeletal muscle cells, able to give rise to satellite cells or differentiated skeletal muscle cells
satellite cells
Neuron is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Cell Press, and imprint of Elsevier
neurons
a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body
dendrites
the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells
axons
is a specialized part of the cell body of a neuron that connects to the axon
axon hillock
are separated from neighboring neurons by a small gap called a synapse, across which impulses are sent
axon terminals
a fatty white substance that surrounds the axon of some nerve cells, forming an electrically insulating layer.
myelin
a gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve, between adjacent Schwann cells.
nodes of Ranvier
loss of the difference in charge between the inside and outside of the plasma membrane of a muscle or nerve cell due to a change in permeability and migration of sodium ions to the interior
depolarization
In physiology, an action potential occurs when the membrane potential of a specific axon location rapidly rises and falls
action potential
refers to the change in membrane potential that returns it to a negative value just after the depolarization phase of an action potential has changed the membrane potential to a positive value.
repolarization
