Nervous system Flashcards by McKayla Mashburn

Functions of NS

enables continuous adaptation to internal/external environment,
controls and integrates activities of the body,
effector component of human movement system that governs movement

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Composed of:

neurons and neuroglia

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Neurons

base structure and functional units of NS,
allows for rapid communication,
communication through neurotransmiters

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Neuroglia

5x more adundant than neurons,
nonexcitable,
serve to support, insulate and nourish neurons

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types of neurons

multipolar motor neuron & pseudounipolar sensory neuron

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types of neurolgia in CNS

astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocyte & ependymal cells

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astrocyte cells

form matrix and deliver nutrients

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microglia cells

clean up

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oligodendrocytes cells

produce myelin, provide support, wrap multiple cells

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ependymal cells

produce CSF

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types of neuroglia in PNS

satelite cells & schwann cells

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Central NS

brain & spinal cord, integrates and coordinates afferent and efferent signals, structured with nuclei and tracts

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Gray Matter location of

neuron cell bodies of sensory motor and presynaptic visceral motor neurons

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White matter location of

interconnecting fiber tracts

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Meninges

Dura mater, Pia mater, arachnoid mater

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Dura mater

thick tough outermost layer

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pia mater

delicate and transparent innermost layer

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arachnoid mater

delicate avascular intermediate layer

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Peripheral NS

NS outside of CNS, anatomically and operationally continuous with CNS

cell bodies collected in ganglion (sensory and motor)

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Afferent Neuron

sensory of PNS

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Efferent Neuron

motor of CNS, sends communication to organs

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Cranial Nerves has ____ pairs

12, 11 arise from brain, 1 from superior spinal cord

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Spinal Nerves have ____ pairs

31, 8 central, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccyx

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Anterior ramus

motor, supply to anterior trunk, lateral trunk, upper/lower limbs

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Posterior ramus

sensory, supply nerves to synovial joint of vertebra, back and skin in area

rami that doesn't form plexus

posterior

rami that contains fibers from spinal nerves

anterior rami

multiple rami -> ____ -> musculocutaneous nerve

plexus

heel innervation level

S1-2, tibial

lateral heel innervation level

S1-2, sural

lateral plantar innervation level

S1-2

Medial plantar innervation level

L4-5

saphenous innervation level

L3-4

Lateral femoral cutaneous innervation level

L2-3

Lumboinguinal of genitalfemoral innervation level

L1-2

ilioinguinal innervation level

Lateral femoral cutaneous innervation level

L2-3

Common peroneal innervation level

L2-3

Superficial peroneal innervation level

L4-5

Deep peroneal innervation level

L4-5

Anterior femoral cutaneous innervation level

L2-3

Iliohypogastric innervation level

superior cluneal innervation level

Post division of S1-3

Middle cluneal innervation level

post division of S1-3

Post femoral cutaneous innervation level

S1-3

Lateral femoral cutaneous innervation level

L2-3

Superior peroneal innervation level

L4-S1

Dermatome C5

mid-deltoid

dermatome C6

dorsal aspect of thumb webspace

dermatome of C7

dorsal aspect of middle finger

dermatome of C8

medial border of fifth metacarpal

dermatome of T1

medial forarm

dermatome of L1

inguinal area

dermatome of l2

ant mid thigh

dermatome of L3

medial knee

dermatome of l4

medial malleolus

dermatome of l5

distal medial dorsum of foot

dermatome of S1

lateral boder of foot

Dermatome of S2

medial/post calcaneus

myotome

unilateral mass of muscle inervated by motor fibers of single spinal nerve

Myotome of C1-2

cervical flex

myotome of C3

cerivcal side bending

myotome of C4

scap elevation

myotome of C5

shoulder abd

Myotome of C6

elbow flex

myotome of C7

elbow ext

Myotome of C8

thumb abd

Myotome of T1

finger abd

Myotome of hip flexion

L2-3

Myotome of knee ext

L3-4

Myotome of ankle dorsiflex

L4-5

Myotome of great toe ext

Myotome of knee flex & ankle eversion

L5-S1

Myotome of ankle plantar flex

S1-2

radiculopathy may present

muscle weakness, broad less profound effects

musculocutaneous nerve injury may present

muscle weakness, isolated and profound effects

injury with hyperreflexia is

CNS

injury with hyporeflexia is

PNS

muscle stretch reflex of L2-4

quadriceps

muscle stretch reflex of L5

medial hamstrings

muscle stretch reflex of S1-2

gastroc-soleus

Nerve fiber types

somatic & visceral sensory and motor fibers

cell bodies of sensory fibers location

spinal or cranial ganglion

cell bodies of post synaptic motor neurons (outside CNS) located

automatic ganglion

somatic sensory nerve fibers

afferent from skin, muscles, tendons and joints enters spinal ganglion of post nerve root

somatic motor nerve fibers

efferent to skeletal muscles leaves through ant nerve root

visceral sensory nerve fibers

afferent from organs enters spinal ganglion of post nerve root

visceral motor nerve fibers

efferent to smooth muscle and tissues leaves through ant nerve root

Somatic NS

Voluntary, CNS and PNS providing general sensory motor innervation to the body

Automatic NS

Involuntary, afferent and efferent signals sent to/from viscera to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic are divisions of

ANS, typically contrast in coordinated effects

Sympathetic effects of SNS

prepare body for fight or flight (catabolic)

SNS extends between

1st thoracic and 2nd/3rd lumbar segments, "thoracolumbar"

SNS Presynaptic cell bodies are short/long?

short

Postsynaptic cell bodies are found in ___

paravertebral and prevertebral ganglion

Parasympathetic NS effects

promote normal functioning and conserve energy

Parasympathetic presynaptic cell bodies are found in

brainstem (exit through cranial n), sacral segments of spinal cord (exit through spinal n)

Parasympathetic NS presynaptic cell bodies are short/long?

long

Parasympathetic NS postsynaptic cell bodies are short/long?

short

SNS Postsynaptic cell bodies are short/long?

long

Enteric Nervous System

3rd component fo visceral motor system, "2nd brain" Functions w/o CNS or Autonomic NS

Enteric NS includes:

postsynaptic parasympathetic neurons of gastrointestinal tract

ENS function

integrates with exocrine and endocrine secretion, vasomotion, micromotility and immune activity of the gut

ENS visceral afferent fibers provide

info about condition of body's internal environment, can trigger visceral/somatic reflexes can produce conscious perceptions of pain, cramps, hunger, fullness, nausea

Nervous system Flashcards

(104 cards)