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Anatomy & Physiology Bio 160 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

General description of CNS and the PNS, be sure to include the structures/ organs in each as well as their general function

A

-CNS: consists of the brain and spinal cord
-PNS: consists of the nerves (bundles of axons) that connect the CNS to the other body parts
-Both systems provide 3 general functions:
sensory, integrative, and motor

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2
Q

What are the 2 divisions of PNS, be sure to include a brief description of each one

A
  • Somatic: Voluntary, controls skeletal muscle

- Autonomic: Involuntary divides into 2 divisions motor and sensory

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3
Q

What is the role of Astrocyte

A

structural support join parts help regulate the concentrations of nutrients and ions

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4
Q

What is the role of Microglial Cell

A

Support neurons and phagocytize bacterial cells and cellular debris

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5
Q

what is the role of Ependymal Cell

A

Covers specialized brain parts (Choroid Plexuses) and form inner lining that encloses the brain

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6
Q

What is the role of Oligodendrocyte

A

Provide Insulating layers if myelin sheath around axons within the brain

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7
Q

What is the role of Schwann Cells

A

Produce myelin sheath around axons of myelinated neurons

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8
Q

Soma

A

Cell body nucleus and metabolic center of cell

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9
Q

Chromatophilic (nissl) Substance

A

Rough endoplasmic Reticulum

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10
Q

Dendrite

A

Conducts impulses towards the cell body

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11
Q

Neurofibrils

A

cytoskeleton filaments of main cell shape

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12
Q

Axon

A

Conduct impulses away from cell body

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13
Q

Axon Hillock

A

Cone- shaped thickening

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14
Q

What is the role of myelin

A

Myelin helps damage axons regenerate in the peripheral nerves

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15
Q

What is it material is myelin made of

A

Made of neurilemma

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16
Q

What are the neurolemma and Nodes of Ranvier

A

Neurolemma- Thin sheath around a nerve axon

Nodes of Ranvier- Narrow gaps between Schwann Cells

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17
Q

Difference between white matter and grey matter

A

White matter: group of myelinated axons

Grey matter: unmayelinated axons and neuron cell bodies

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18
Q

Function Classification of neurons

A

Sensory (afferent) neurons
- transmit info to the CNS
-Have specialized receptors ends usually unipolar some bipolar
Interneuron (Association) neuron
-found entirely in brain/spinal
-Transmit impulses from one part of the CNS to another
Motor (Efferent) Neurons
-Transmits impulses away from CNS to effector
-usually multipolar

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19
Q

Structural Classification of neurons

A

Multipolar Neurons
-have any processes arising from cell body
Bipolar Neurons
- have only 2 process one arise from each end of the cell body
Unipolar Neurons
- Single process extending from cell body

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20
Q

Nuclei in the CNS

A

Cell bodies of some interneurons aggregate in specialized masses of nervous tissue

21
Q

Ganglia

A

Unipolar neurons found in specialized masses in nervous tissue

22
Q

Name the 4 regions of the brain

A

Cerebrum
diencephalon
Brain stem
Cerebellum

23
Q

Gyri

A

Ridges

24
Q

Sulci

A

Shallow grooves

25
Q

Fissure

A

Deep groove

26
Q

General function of the cerebrum

A

Provides higher mental functions

memory, and reasoning , critical problem solving and personality

27
Q

5 lobes of cerebral cortex

A 
Frontal Lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occiptal lobe
Insula
28
Q

Corpus Collasum

A

Connects both hemispheres of the brain

29
Q

Describe the sensory associations and motor areas of the cerebrum

A

Sensory- Postcentral Gyrus
Accessory- Frontal lobe associated with parietal lobe
Motor- Precentral Gyrus

30
Q

3 parts of the brainstem

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

31
Q

3 Layers of the meninges

A

Dura Mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

32
Q

Ventricles

A

Lateral Ventricle
Third Ventricle
Forth Ventricle
Cerebral Aqueduct

33
Q

Functional types of neurons are found in dorsal root and ventral root

A

Dorsal Root- Sensory neurons

Ventral Root- Motor neurons

34
Q

Olfactory

A

I. Sensory

smell

35
Q

Optic

A

II. Sensory

Vision

36
Q

Oculomotor

A

III. Motor

moves eyes

37
Q

Trochlear

A

IV.Motor

moves eyes

38
Q

Trigeminal

A

V. Both

Chew, feeling of face

39
Q

Abducens

A

VI. Motor

Moves eyes

40
Q

Facial

A

VII. Both

Taste, facial expressions

41
Q

Vestibulocochlear

A

VIII. Sensory

Balance, hearing

42
Q

Glossopharyngeal

A

IX. Both

Taste, swallowing

43
Q

Vagus

A

X. Both

Speech, swallowing, regulates heart rate

44
Q

Accessory

A

XI. Motor

Movement of neck and trapizeus

45
Q

Hypoglossal

A

XII. Motor

Moves tongue

46
Q

Somatc Nervous System

A

Conscious Activities ( Voluntary)

47
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Unconscious Activity ( Involuntary)

48
Q

4 Major Nerve Plexus

A

mnh

Anatomy & Physiology Bio 160 (13 decks)

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