Nervous system

Question 1

Name the 2 principle types of cell which form the nerve tissue of the nervous system

Answer 1

Neurons (responsible for active transmission of messages Glial Cells ( responsible for support, packing and insulation)

Question 2

What are the 3 parts that the nerve cell consists of?

Answer 2

Cell body, Nerve fibre, nerve ending

Question 3

what is the structural difference between white matter and grey matter

Answer 3

white matter is nerve fibres covered in myelin sheath. grey is aggregation of cell bodies.

Question 4

where is the grey matter primarily located in the a) brain b) spinal cord

Answer 4

a) outer surface or cortex. b) centrally

Question 5

Name the 3 fascial sheaths of a nerve, outermost first

Answer 5

1. Epinenurium, 2. perineurium 3. endoneurium

Question 6

Name the 2 parts that makes up the nervous system

Answer 6

CNS and PNS

Question 7

Name 2 parts of PNS

Answer 7

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves.

Question 8

Name the 2 physiological parts of the NS. What are the difference

Answer 8

1. Somatic nervous system SNS , this is voluntary under conscious control 2. Autonomic NS- ANS this is involuntary generally not under conscious control.

Question 9

What are the 2 divisions of the ANS and a brief explanation of each one

Answer 9

1. Sympathetic division- ‘fight, flight and fright’ concerned with responses to external environment and activationg the body for external emergencies. 2. Parasympathetic division- vegetative functions ie building up resourses, digestion, immune system…..

Question 10

in the SNS what do motor neurones do?

Answer 10

stimulate skeletal muscle

Question 11

In the SNS what do sensory nerves do?

Answer 11

from periphery to CNS pain, temp, proprioception, vision etc these are perceived consciously

Question 12

why is the spinal cord shorter than the vertebral column?

Answer 12

because the spinal cord grows more slowly than the vertebral column

Question 13

where does the pia mater terminate in the vertebral column?

Answer 13

L2 in adults. L4 in newborn baby

Question 14

At which vertebral level does the dura and arachnoid mater continue to?

Answer 14

S2

Question 15

What is a cisternae?

Answer 15

these are areas of accumulation of CSF within the subarachnoid space.

Question 16

where in the spine does the 1. cauda equina start and finish 2. Filum terminale

Answer 16

1.L2 to S2 2. S2 to the cx 1

Question 17

What function are these area of the brian associated with. a) Frontal lobes b) Parietal lobes c) Temporal lobes d) occipital lobes

Answer 17

a) motor activity and personality b) sensory information c) hearing and speech d) vision.

Question 18

what are the 3 sections of the brain stem called?

Answer 18

midbrain, pons, medulla

Question 19

during expansion phase of csm what happens to the spinal cord?

Answer 19

superiorly

Question 20

Name the 12 cranial nerves

Answer 20

I olfactory, II Optic, III Oculo-motor, IV Trochlear, V Trigeminal, VI Abducent, , VII Facial, VIII Vestibulo-cochlear, IX Glosso-pharangeal, X Vagus, XI Spinal Accessory, XII Hypoglossal.

Question 21

how many cervical nerves are there?

Answer 21

8

Question 22

which nerve eminates inbetween C7 and T1?

Answer 22

C8

Question 23

Name the nerve root origins of the following spinal nerve plexi. a) Cervical plexus, b) Brachial plexus, c) Lumbar plexus d) Sacral Plexus e) Prudendal plexus

Answer 23

a) C1-C4 b) C5-T1 c) L1-L4 d) L4- S4 e) S2-S4

Question 24

What nerve suppies the respiratory diaphragm?

Answer 24

Phrenic nerve C345

Question 25

Name the 5 major nerves from the brachial plexus and relevant nerves

Answer 25

1. Axillary C56 2. Musculo-cutaneous C567 3. Ulnar C78, T1 4th and 5th digits. 4. Median C678, T1 digits 123 and medial side of 4. 5. Radial C5678, T1

Question 26

Name the 3 major nerves from teh Lumbo- Sacral Plexus

Answer 26

1. Femoral L234 2. Obturator L1234 3. Siatic L45, S123

Question 27

what regulates the ANS?

Answer 27

The hypothalamus

Question 28

What is the principle neurotrasmitter is secreted by a) Parsympathetic and b) Sympathetic NS

Answer 28

a) Acetyl choline b) Noradrenaline

Question 29

Which Cranial nerves are involved in the parasympathetic NS

Answer 29

III, VII, IX and X

Question 30

are sympathetic or parasympathetic nerve fibres more widespread?

Answer 30

Sympathetic

Question 31

What is the main difference between the autonomic and somatic pathways?

Answer 31

Autonomic motor pathway is a 2 neuron pathway and somatic is a one neuron pathway.

Question 32

What is a ganglia?

Answer 32

A Ganglion is like a junction box where neurones meet and transmit messages to each other.

Question 33

Name the 3 different types of ganglia and if they contain sympathetic or parasympathetic synapses.

Answer 33

!. Paravertebral- Sym 2. Collateral Sym 3. Terminal- para

Question 34

Where are the paravertebral ganglia situated?

Answer 34

It is a chain on each side of the spine located on the anterior surface of the TP of the vertebrae

Question 35

Where do the Parasympathetic nerve fibres emerge from?

Answer 35

Cranium or sacrum.

Question 36

Where does the Vagus nerve go to?

Answer 36

wanders from its origin in the cranium to heart, lungs, stomach , spleen, pancreas, small intestine , half of hte large intestine, liver and kidneys.

Question 37

Where do Sympathetic nerve fibres emerge from?

Answer 37

T1 ti L2

Question 38

where is the ganglion impar?

Answer 38

at the coccyx

Question 39

where are collateral Ganglia located

Answer 39

surface of major blood vessels

Question 40

Name the vertebral sympathetic levels for 1. head 2. thoracic viscera 3. Upper abdo viscera 4. Pelvic and lower abdominal viscera

Answer 40

1. T1-2 2. T2-6 3. T6-9. 4. T10-L2