Nervous System

Question 1

Cerebellum function

Answer 1

..

Question 2

Cerebrum function

Answer 2

…

Question 3

What are the three properties of a neuron?

Answer 3

• excitability
• conductivity
• secretion

Question 4

What type of neurons are sensory neurons?

Answer 4

Unipolar

Question 5

What type of neurons are motor neurons?

Answer 5

Multipolar

Question 6

Where does the visceral sensory division send signals from?

Answer 6

Viscera od the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Question 7

Where does information from the somatic sensory division come from?

Answer 7

Skin, muscles, bones and joints

Question 8

What do Astrocytes do?

Answer 8

Forms a supportive framework between neurons and blood vessels

Question 9

What do oligosendrocytes do?

Answer 9

Produces myelin sheath in the CNS

Question 10

What do ependymal cells do?

Answer 10

Line central cavities of the brain and spinal cord, produce CSF

Question 11

What do Schwann cells do?

Answer 11

Form myelin sheath in the PNS

Question 12

What do Satellite cells do?

Answer 12

Provide support and nutrition to cell bodies in ganglia

Question 13

What tissue is nervous tissue formed from?

Answer 13

Ectoderm

Question 14

What does the hollow part of the neural tube become?

Answer 14

Central canal and ventricles of brain

Question 15

When does neuralation begin?

Answer 15

Day 19

Question 16

What forms from neural crest cells?

Answer 16

PNS

Question 17

Frontal lobe

Answer 17

• abstract thoughts
• ## mood and motivation

Question 18

Parietal lobe

Answer 18

• taste
• somatic sensation
• sensory integration
• language processing

Question 19

Occipital lobe

Answer 19

• visual awareness

- visual processing

Question 20

Temporal lobe

Answer 20

• hearing
• smell
• learning
• emotion

Question 21

Thalamus function

Answer 21

Processes input prior to regulating to cerebrum

Question 22

Hypothalamus function

Answer 22

• controls centre for endocrine and ANS
• thermoregulation
• food and water intake

Question 23

Cerebellum function

Answer 23

• posture
  -locomotion
• ## fine motor control

Question 24

Medulla function

Answer 24

• cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centres

Question 25

Where do cranial nerves 1 and 2 arise from?

Answer 25

Cerebrum

Question 26

Where do nerves 3-12 arise from?

Answer 26

Brain stem

Question 27

What are the divisions of the spinal cord?

Answer 27

- cervical - thoracic - lumbar - sacral - coccygeal

Question 28

Number of spinal nerves in each region

Answer 28

``` 8 12 5 5 1 ```

Question 29

Where is CSF found in the brain?

Answer 29

Sub arachnoid space + ependymal cells

Question 30

Somatosensory primary and association areas

Answer 30

- primary: parietal lobe | - Association: immediately dorsal

Question 31

How is sensation detected?

Answer 31

- modality - intensity - duration - location

Question 32

What two neurons are involved in motor contraction?

Answer 32

Upper motor neuron | Lower motor neuron

Question 33

What is the parasympathetic neurotransmitter?

Answer 33

- acetylcholine - adrenergic receptors

Question 34

What are the sympathetic neurotransmitters?

Answer 34

- adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 35

What are the receptors for adrenaline and noradrenaline?

Answer 35

Muscarinic (excitatory or inhibitory) | Nicotinic (excitatory)

Question 36

What is a tract?

Answer 36

A bundle of axons in the CNS

Question 37

What is a nerve?

Answer 37

A bundle of axons in the PNS

Question 38

What are the layers of meninges?

Answer 38

- dura - arachnoid - Pia

Question 39

What are the 3 functions of cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 39

- buoyancy and cushioning: the brain is so heavy that if it was not suspended in CSF the pressure of its weight against the bones of the skull would destroy nervous tissue - protection: helps to prevent the brain from striking the cranium when the head is jolted - chemical stability: has a circulatory function for removal of wastes and regulation of chemical environment

Question 40

Explain how hydrocephalus can occur and why it’s presentation can manifest differently in infants and adults.

Answer 40

- CSF is constantly produced - if it’s circulation or drainage is blocked the resulting build up of pressure causes abnormal growth in infants whose skull bones have not fused yet - in adults pressure is put on the brain and it’s blood vessels, causing headaches, come and death if not treated - treatment involves putting a shunt from the ventricles to a vein in the neck

Question 41

How does the diameter of the fibre affect the speed of transmission?

Answer 41

- signal conduction occurs along the surface of the fibre | - large fibres have a larger surface area that small fibres, therefore signals travel faster along large fibres

Question 42

Speed of signals in myelinated fibres

Answer 42

Up to 120m/sec

Question 43

Speed of transmission in unmyelinated fibres

Answer 43

Up to 2m/sec

Question 44

How many neurons are in the sensory pathway?

Answer 44

3

Question 45

Which region is associated with the patella reflex?

Answer 45

Lumbar

Question 46

Sensory pathway

Answer 46

1st order neuron cell body: dorsal root ganglion 2nd order neuron cell body: medulla 3rd order cell body: thalamus

Question 47

Where does the sensory pathway decussate? Which neuron is it?

Answer 47

- medulla | - 2nd order neuron

Question 48

Motor pathway

Answer 48

Upper motor neuron cell body: pre central gurus of frontal lobe Lower motor neuron cell body: ventral horn of spinal cord

Question 49

Where does the motor pathway decussate? Which neuron?

Answer 49

- medulla | - upper motor neuron