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PSIO 497A > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two nervous system branches?

A

Central - brain and spinal cord

Peripheral - cranial and spinal nerves

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2
Q

What are the branches of the Peripheral NS?

A

Enteric - smooth muscle of gut
Somatic - skeletal muscle
Autonomic - smooth muscle of heart and glands

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3
Q

What type of neurons are found in the somatic NS?

A

somatic motor (efferent) and somatic sensory (afferent)

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4
Q

somatic motor (efferent) vs. somatic sensory (afferent)

A 
somatic motor (efferent) - from brain to skeletal muscle 
somatic sensory (afferent) - from skeletal muscle to brain
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5
Q

What are the branches of the autonomic ns?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic ns

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6
Q

Goal of sympathetic ns

A

FIGHT OR FLIGHT

increase alertness, energy, and stress management

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7
Q

What happens when SNS is activated?

A
  • increase HR and BP
  • decrease urine and digestion
  • increase sweating
  • dilate pupils
  • breakdown fuels for energy
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8
Q

What are the target organs of the SNS?

A

all organs chest down

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9
Q

Goal of parasympathetic ns

A

REST AND DIGEST

promote digestion and absorption

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10
Q

What happens when PNS is activated?

A
  • decrease HR and BP
  • increase urine and digestion
  • increase hormone secretion
  • constriction of pupils
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11
Q

what are the target organs of the PNS?

A

organs in the head/neck and sacral area

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12
Q

What are the main cranial nerves affecting the parasympathetic ns?

A

Oculomotor (III), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X)

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13
Q

List the function of the following cranial nerves…

Oculomotor (III), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X)

A

Oculomotor (III) - eye movement
facial (VII) - salivation
glossopharyngeal (IX) - salivation and swallowing
vagus (X) - 80% of all parasympathetic activity

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14
Q

What nuclei make up the vagus (X) nerve?

A

Dorsal motor nucleus, nucleus tractus solitarius, and nucleus ambiguus

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15
Q

What nerve fiber emerges from the dorsal motor nuclei, what does it innervate, and what is the function?

A

Visceral motor (efferent) neural fiber - visceral abdomen and thorax - DIGESTION

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16
Q

What nerve fiber emerges from the nucleus tractus solitarius, what does it innervate, and what is the function?

A

Visceral sensory (afferent) neural fiber - visceral abdomen and thorax - Fight and flight

17
Q

What nerve fiber emerges from the nucleus ambiguus, what does it innervate, and what is the function?

A

Branchial (face) efferent motor neural fiber - pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and heart - SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT

18
Q

What are the two types of neurons in the autonomic NS?

A

autonomic motor (efferent) and autonomic sensory (afferent)

19
Q

Autonomic motor (efferent) vs. autonomic sensory (afferent) neurons

A 
autonomic motor (efferent) - brain to non-skeletal (smooth cardiac) muscle 
autonomic sensory (afferent) - non-skeletal (smooth cardiac) muscle to brain
20
Q

What type of neurons make up the autonomic motor (efferent) neurons?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic motor neurons

21
Q

Explain the 2 types of sympathetic motor neurons

A
  • Preganglionic myelinated –> ACh released at autonomic ganglion –> postganglionic unmyelinated –> NE released at adrenergic receptors on cardiac smooth muscle
  • preganglionic myelinated –> ACh released at adrenal medulla –> NE and E released at adrenergic receptors on blood vessels
22
Q

When is NE a transmitter?

A

when it is released into tissue

23
Q

When is NE and E a hormone?

A

when they are released into the blood stream

24
Q

What are the two types of adrenergic receptors innervated by sympathetic motor (efferent) neurons?

A

alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

25
Q

Alpha vs. beta adrenergic receptors

A

alpha - found in smooth muscle of arterioles and bladder –> constriction
beta - found in cardiac bronchioles and liver –> increased metabolism

26
Q

Explain the type of parasympathetic motor (efferent) neurons

A
  • preganglionic myelinated –> ACh released by autonomic ganglion –> postganglionic unmyelinated –> ACh released at cholinergic receptors on cardiac smooth muscle
27
Q

What type of cholinergic receptors are innervated by parasympathetic motor (efferent) neurons?

A

muscarinic cholinergic receptors

PSIO 497A (14 decks)

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