Nervous System (Anatomy) Flashcards
(22 cards)
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31 pairs
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12 pairs
What does afferent mean?
Arrives in to CNS
What does efferent mean?
Exits the CNS
What structure separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres?
The longitudinal fissure.
What are gyri and sulci?
Gyri = ridges Sulci = grooves
When does gyrification occurs and why is it important?
Occurs during embryological and neonatal development.
Important because extensive folding increases SA meaning brain and its nerves, connections, synapses etc can fit within the skull.
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Movement - coordination, integration, precision.
What 3 areas make up the brainstem?
- midbrain
- pons
- medulla oblongata
What are the functions of the brain stem?
- heart rate
- breathing
What is coning?
When swelling of the brain presses down on the brainstem and forces it through the foramen magnum.
What is the telencephalon?
The cerebrum
What makes up the diencephalon?
The thalamus and hypothalamus.
Telencephalon + diencephalon = ?
Forebrain
What embryological structure is known as the midbrain?
Mesencephalon
What embryological structure equates to the hindbrain?
Rhombencephalon
What does the thalamus do?
Acts as a relay station of the sensory and motor system; regulates sleep, consciousness and level of awakeness.
What does the hypothalamus do?
- regulates the endocrine system via the pituitary gland
- thermoregulation
What are the functions of the frontal lobe?
Executive functions:
- long term memory
- speech
- movement
- personality
What are the functions of the parietal lobe?
- sensory integration
- language interpretation
- spatial/visual perception
What are the functions of the occipital lobe?
- vision (colour/light)
What are the functions of the temporal lobe?
- primary auditory cortex
- memory
- understanding language
