Nervous system Anatomy Flashcards
(29 cards)
Define simple stages of notochord embryology development
- Early appearance – embryonic disc - neural plate
(thickening of ectoderm) - Notochord – signalling
- Nucleus pulposus
- Neural tube – Brain and spinal cord
Medulla spinalis
long and cylindrical, dorsoventral flattening – regional variations
Sensory
Detects internal and external stimuli
Receptors
Processing
The CNS processes and interprets sensory input (intergrade)
Involves decision-making, memory, thinking, and consciousness
Motor
commands from the CNS to effectors
somatic (voluntary) or autonomic (involuntary
Extrinsic factors
Radiation exposure
Traumatic Brain Injury
Malnutrition
Hypoxia
Alcohol
Virus
Intrinsic factors
Hormonal imbalance
Oestrogen
Androgens
Progesterone
Stress Hormone
Gut microbe
Ageing
What are neurons cells body grey or white
grey
what are support cells grey or white
white
Multipolar
– most common, many branching dendrites - motor
bipolar
– dendrites have common trunk – special senses – Inter and or relay
Unipolar
– dendrites and axon contiguous – afferent PNS- sensory
Glial cells
neuroglia
Astrocytes
– neurotransmission, nutrition
Oligodendrocytes
– myelin sheath (CNS multiple)
Schwann cells
- neurolemmocyte – myeline sheath (PNS single)
Dura membranous covering
– lines skull and CNS/PNS
Outer inner periosteum
Internal meningeal layer
Epidural sapce
Arachnoid membranous covering
– mid layer
Dorsal sub-arachnoid space
Arachnoid trabeculae
Pia membranous coverings
Innermost vascular membrane
Moulded to brain
Forebrain
Telencephalon, diencephalon
Midbrain
Mesencephalon
Hindbrain
Metencephalon, myelencephalon
Telencephalon divided into lobes
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Diencephalon divided into
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal gland, pituitary gland
