Nervous System And Circulatory System

Question 1

What division of the peripheral nervous system, transmits signals from the sensory receptors to the CNS?

Answer 1

Afferent/ Sensory division (pApunta)

Question 2

Where does the spinal cord continue from the brain (last part of the brain) and where does it exit?

Answer 2

Medulla oblongata (last part of the brain) and exits from the foramen magnum

Question 3

What matter of the spinal cord contains unmyelinated axons?

Answer 3

Gray matter (located centrally)

Question 4

What matter of the spinal cord has node to node conduction due to myelinated axons?

Answer 4

White matter

Question 5

The ventral horn, dorsal horn and lateral horn contains what types of neurons?

Answer 5

Medulla to VeDaLa
Ventral horn - efferent neurons (motor)
Dorsal horn - afferent neurons (sensory)
Lateral horn - autonomic neurons

SaMe

Question 6

What are the 4 major plexuses?

Answer 6

1. Cervical plexus (C1-C4)
2. Brachial plexus (C5-T1)
3. Lumbar plexus (L1-L4)
4. Sacral plexus (L4-L5 & S1-S4)

Question 7

The spinal cord ends at the:

Answer 7

SpinaL
- L2

Question 8

What is the vessel within the vessel?

Answer 8

Vasa vasorum

Question 9

What is the type of muscle in the blood vessel and the heart wall?

Answer 9

Blood vessel = smooth muscle
heart wall = cardiac muscle

Question 10

What are the Semi lunar and atrioventricular valves?

Answer 10

Semi lunar valves - Pulmonic and aortic valve
Atrioventricular valves - Tricuspid and Mitral (Bicuspid) valve

Question 11

What is the depression remnant of the fossa ovale?

Answer 11

Fossa ovalis

Question 12

Where is the SA node located?

Answer 12

Crista terminalis at the right atrium

Question 13

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

Answer 13

SA node

Question 14

What is the Thickest layer of the artery?

Answer 14

Tunica media

Question 15

What is the largest elastic artery?

Answer 15

Aorta

Question 16

What are the branches of the ARCH OF THE AORTA?

Answer 16

Brachiocephalic
- Right common carotid artery
- Right subclavian artery
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery

Question 17

What are the branches of the AORTA?

Answer 17

Ascending AORTA
- Right and left coronary artery
Arch of the aorta
Descending AORTA

Question 18

What is concerned with the exchange of gases?

Answer 18

Capillaries

Question 19

What serves as the major reservoir of blood?

Answer 19

Veins

Question 20

What are the cells of the blood?

Answer 20

1. Rbc or Erythrocytes
2. WBC or Leukocytes
3. Platelets or Thrombocytes

Question 21

ALL arteries carry oxygenated blood, except for 2 which are:

Answer 21

Umbilical and Pulmonary arteries

Question 22

What are the 3 major lymphatic ducts?

Answer 22

1. Cisterna chyli (drains all the lower parts of the body) - diaphragm and below
2. Thoracic duct (drains all the left parts of the body) - mediastinum
3. Right lymphatic duct (drains all the right parts of the body)

Question 23

What are the 5 classes of immunoglobulin/ Antibodies?

Answer 23

GAMED
1. IgG - strongest antibody and for chronic infection and given by mothers
2. IgA - secretory antibody
3. IgM - first to respond to infection
4. IgE - present in Ellergies and parasitic infections
5. IgD - present in B cell activation

Question 24

What are the primary organs of the immune system?

Answer 24

1. Thymus
   - Thymic cortex: T cell maturation
   - Thymic medulla: Hassell’s corpuscles
2. Bone marrow

Question 25

ALL Lymphoid organs are derived from the mesoderm/ mesenchyme except for:

Answer 25

Thymus - thymus is derived from the mesoderm, although it carries the Hassell's corpuscles (which is derived from the endoderm)

Question 26

ALL secondary lymphoid organs have ____________ which are the sites of interaction:

Answer 26

Lymphoid nodules