Nervous System and Neurons Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are the major components of the nervous system?
The brain, spinal cord, and nerves
The nervous system functions as the body’s communication system.
What are the two main parts of the nervous system?
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS connects the CNS to limbs and organs.
What is the role of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
Acts as the control center for processing information and sending responses.
What does the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) do?
Facilitates communication between the brain and the rest of the body.
What functions does the nervous system control?
Intelligence, movement, basic body functions, emergency responses, and sensory perception.
How does the brain manage intelligence, learning, and memory?
The brain is the control center of the nervous system.
What does the nervous system regulate?
Involuntary functions such as heart rate, breathing, and digestion.
What triggers a faster heart rate and adrenaline release in emergencies?
The sympathetic nervous system.
What sensory functions are processed by the nervous system?
Sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell.
What are the two divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
Autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system.
What does the autonomic nervous system regulate?
Automatic processes like digestion and heart rate.
What does the somatic nervous system control?
Voluntary movements.
What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
What is the definition of neurons?
The functional units of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting information throughout the body.
What are nerves?
Bundles of neurons that facilitate communication between different parts of the body.
How do neurons communicate?
Using electrical signals (action potentials) and chemical signals (neurotransmitters).
What are the three main types of neurons?
Sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons.
What is the structure of a neuron?
Cell body, dendrites, axon, and myelin sheath.
What does the cell body of a neuron contain?
The nucleus, essential for the neuron’s metabolic activities.
What is the function of dendrites?
Receive incoming messages from other neurons.
What is the role of the axon?
Transmits impulses to other neurons or muscles.
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
Insulates the axon, enhancing the speed of signal transmission.
What do sensory neurons do?
Carry signals from sensory receptors to the CNS.
What is the function of interneurons?
Connect sensory and motor neurons, processing information within the CNS.
