Nervous System & Brain

Question 1

Central Nervous System

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous system

Answer 2

nerves outside of the brain

sends input from the senses to the brain

receives output from the brain to muscles

Question 3

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer 3

part of the PNS, and regulates non-conscious or automatic activities

Question 4

Sympathetic Branch

Answer 4

A part of ANS

activate emotional arousal by the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine

“fight or flight”
short term response

NT are norepinephrine

Question 5

Effects that drugs can affect the Sympathetic branch

Answer 5

mimic sympathetic arousal (cocaine, hallucinogens and ampetamines)

Question 6

Effects that drugs can affect the Sympathetic branch

Answer 6

mimic sympathetic arousal (cocaine, hallucinogens and amphetamines)

block norepinephrine receptor in the sympathetic nervous system, “beta blockers”

Question 7

Parasympathetic branch

Answer 7

second branch of the ANS

balances action from the sympathetic branch by extracting opposite effects

reduces heart rate, blood pressure, etc.

NT are serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine

Question 8

Hindbrain

Answer 8

medulla
pons
cerebellum

Question 9

Medulla

Answer 9

regulation of basic functions, ie: breathing, heart rate, vomiting, blood pressure, swallowing

Question 10

Drug effect impact on the medulla

Answer 10

can cause respiratory or cardiovascular failure

Question 11

Pons

Answer 11

Pathway for input up and output down from the spinal cord

controls sleep and wakefulness

Question 12

cerebellum

Answer 12

critical for motor control

activation is unconscious that involves balance, coordinated movements and speech

alcohol can affect cerebellum functions

Question 13

Midbrain

Answer 13

Inferior Colliculi (auditory)
Superior Colliculi (vision)
Subsrtantia Nigira (movement)

Question 14

Forebrain

Answer 14

Hypothalamus
Limbic System
Cerebrum & Cerebral
Cortex

Question 15

thalamus

Answer 15

relay station, receives incoming sensory & stimuli then relays the information to relevant centers throughout the brain

Question 16

Hypothalamus

Answer 16

structure in the motivation of behaviour

regulation of eating & drinking

control of body temperature, aggression and sexual behaviour

Question 17

Two sites of the hypothalamus

Answer 17

inhibit eating & excite hunger

Question 18

Limbic System Structure

Answer 18

hippocampus & amygdala

Question 19

Amygdala

Answer 19

mediating certain types of aggression, fear and emotional experiences. responsible for “fight or flight”

Question 20

Hippocampus

Answer 20

critical in memory storage

Question 21

Damaged Hippocampus

Answer 21

People can remember things prior to the damage but cannot store new memories, aka long term memory is in interacted

Question 22

Feature that distinguishes the human brain from other animals

Answer 22

enlarged cerebral cortex

Question 23

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 23

grey matter that impacts thinking and making complex decision making

Question 24

Cerebrum

Answer 24

Helps with balance

Question 25

Triune Brain Theory (1990s)

Answer 25

States the brain is divided into three parts - Reptilian - Paleomammalian (emotion) - Neomammalian

Question 26

Reptilian

Answer 26

control of our innate and automatic self-preserving behavior patterns what are often referred to as, the four Fs: Feeding, Fighting, Fleeing, and… Reproduction

Question 27

FPTO

Answer 27

Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe Temporal Lobe Occipital Lobe

Question 28

Frontal Lobe

Answer 28

impuse control & motor movement

Question 29

Parietal Lobe

Answer 29

body senses (pain, pleasure, vibration)

Question 30

Temporal Lobe

Answer 30

Sound, understanding language, object recognition, long term memory

Question 31

Occipital Lobe

Answer 31

visual perception, including colour, form and motion

Question 32

Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 32

central role in cognitive control functions - attention, impulse inhibition, prospective memory, and cognitive flexibility

Question 33

VTA

Answer 33

Ventral Tegmental Area significant role in reward, motivation, cognition, and aversion

Question 34

nucleus accumbens

Answer 34

neural interface between motivation and action, playing a key role on feeding, sexual, reward, stress-related, drug self-administration behavior

Question 35

somogyi effect

Answer 35

happens when you take insulin before bed and wake up with high blood sugar levels