nervous system drugs

Question 1

alpha 1 receptors

Answer 1

• vasoconstriction
• mydriasis
• ejaculation
• constriction of sphincter GI/GU

Question 2

alpha 2 receptor

Answer 2

centrally acting
- decreases SNS outflowfrom CNS

Question 3

beta 1 receptor

Answer 3

increase HR
increase heart contraction
increase AV node conduction
renin release
decreases insulin

Question 4

beta 2 receptor

Answer 4

bronchodilation
- uterine muscle relaxation
- skeletel muscle tremors
- glycogenolysis

Question 5

dopamine effects at low, medium, and high doses

Answer 5

low:
- vasodilation
medium:
- increase HR and contractility output
high:
- affect on A1 receptors-> vasoconstrict-> HTN

Question 6

SNS effects

Answer 6

palpitations
tachycardia
nervousness
sweating
HA
HTN
mydriasis (pupil dilation)
increased BG
bronchodilation

Question 7

catecholamines = main SNS neurotransmitters

Answer 7

norepi ** MAIN one
epi
dopamine

Question 8

what are catecholamines metabolized by

Answer 8

Monoamine oxidase (MAO)
COMT

Question 9

drugs that act like SNS

Answer 9

sympathomimetic
sympathetic agonist
adrenergic agonist
alpha-adrenergic agonist
beta adrenergic blocker

Question 10

bronchodilators (beta 2 agonist)

Answer 10

albuterol- DOC acute asthma
epinephrine- DOC anaphylax
salmetrol- long acting

Question 11

nasal decongestants

Answer 11

pseudoephedrine (Alpha 1)
phenylephrine (alpha 1)
ephedrine (Alpha 1&2, Beta 2)

Question 12

what has a high rebound effect

Answer 12

nasal decongestants
- wean off one nare at a time

Question 13

short name for vasoactive sympathomimetics

Answer 13

vasopressors or “pressors”

Question 14

nursing considerations for pressors

Answer 14

monitor cardiac function
watch K+ level

Question 15

SE of pressors

Answer 15

palpitations
HA
difficulty urinating
pale/cold skin
dyspnea
labile BP
NV

Question 16

dobutamine MOA

Answer 16

• affects Beta 1
• increases CO/overall strengthens contractions
• positive inotrope

Question 17

uses for dobutamine

Answer 17

CHF, shock

Question 18

what is special about dobutamine administration

Answer 18

uses its own IV line

Question 19

dobutamine SE

Answer 19

HTN
PVC
life-threatening tachycardia
hypokalemia

Question 20

what is dopamine

Answer 20

synthetic form of neurotransmitter made in body

Question 21

what receptors do dopaminergic drugs affect

Answer 21

Beta 1 (moderate dose), Alpha 1 (higher doses)

Question 22

what is dopamine the DOC for

Answer 22

hypotension and shock

Question 23

other uses for dopamine

Answer 23

HF and acute renal failure

Question 24

dopamine SE

Answer 24

wide QRS, palpitations, N/V/D

Question 25

what is the prototype adrenergic

Answer 25

epinephrine

Question 26

epinephrine affects what receptors (high/low doses)

Answer 26

alpha receptors (high) beta 1&2 (low)

Question 27

epi is DOC for what

Answer 27

anaphylactic shock

Question 28

other uses for epi

Answer 28

bronchospasm acute asthma attack cardiac arrest

Question 29

epi is not first choice for....

Answer 29

hypovolemic shock

Question 30

epi is given in high doeses with ...?

Answer 30

cardiac arrest local anesthetics

Question 31

what is epi never given in combo with/where

Answer 31

in combo with local anesthetics involving fingers and toes bc it can completely occlude blood flow

Question 32

epinephrine SE

Answer 32

dizziness, anxiety, HTN, dysrhythmias, tachycardia

Question 33

how to store epi

Answer 33

at room temp in a dark place

Question 34

epi effects may fade in ...

Answer 34

10-20 minutes

Question 35

isoproterenol affects what receptors

Answer 35

beta 1&2

Question 36

uses for isoproterenol

Answer 36

heart block and bradycardia

Question 37

SE of isoproterenol

Answer 37

HA angina arrhythmias tachycardia

Question 38

isoproterenol is notorious for what

Answer 38

keeping people awake, so it is not given before bed

Question 39

midodrine affects what receptor

Answer 39

Alpha 1

Question 40

what does midodrine treat

Answer 40

symptomatic orthostatic hypotension dysautonomia

Question 41

what to monitor for midodrine

Answer 41

BP sitting, standing, and lying

Question 42

when not to give midodrine

Answer 42

4 hours before bed

Question 43

where is midrodrine activated

Answer 43

the liver **prodrug

Question 44

norepinephrine affects what receptors

Answer 44

Alpha 1&2, Beta 1

Question 45

norepi is DOC for...

Answer 45

sepsis/septic shock

Question 46

norepinephrine is also used for...

Answer 46

hypotension and shock

Question 47

antidote for extravasation of norepi

Answer 47

phentolamine

Question 48

2 main centrally acting A2 agonists

Answer 48

clonidine and methyldopa

Question 49

clonidine is administered how

Answer 49

PO or patch

Question 50

clonidine is used for...

Answer 50

HTN severe pain menopause nicotine withdrawal

Question 51

SE of clonidine

Answer 51

xerostomia rebound HTN embryotoxic

Question 52

methyldopa administered how

Answer 52

PO or IV

Question 53

what is methyldopa used for

Answer 53

HTN in pregnancy

Question 54

what are the three categories of adrenergic antagonists

Answer 54

alpha blockers, beta blockers, and dual alpha blockers

Question 55

SE of methyldopa

Answer 55

hepatotoxicity

Question 56

3 main alpha blockers

Answer 56

doxazosin phentolamine tamsulosin

Question 57

non cardio selective beta blockers

Answer 57

propanolol sotalol

Question 58

cardio selective beta blockers

Answer 58

metoprolol esmolol

Question 59

dual alpha blockers

Answer 59

carvedilol labetalol