nervous system part 2 bitch Flashcards by seela meehan

4 major parts of the brain

brain stem, diencephalon, cerebellum, cerebrum

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midbrain

auditory/visual reflex

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pons

respiration center/connects motor between cerebellum and the cerebrum

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medula oblingada

vital centers: respiratory/cardiac

nonvital: coughing/sneezing/etc

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diencephalon

middle of the brain

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thalmus

relays sensory input to cerebral (afferent)
part of limbic system
motor connections between cerebral cortex and cerebellum
diencephalon

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hypothalmus

want center (thirst/hunger/temp)
diencephalon
pituitary gland

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pineal gland

secretes melatonin/ keeps sleep cycles

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cerebellum

balance/ coordination (motor)

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cerebrum

largest part of the brain

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frontal lobe

last part to develop
executive thinking (logic)
personality
somatic motor

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paritail

somatic sensory (pain/temp/touch)

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occipital lobe

vision

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temporal lobe

hearing/smell

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limbic system

emotion

fight or flight

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corpus callosum

connects right and left hemispheres of the brain

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association tract

connect gyri on the same hemisphere

connects paritail and occipital lobes

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commissural tract

connect gyri with diff hemispheres

corpus callosum

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projection tracts

connects different major parts of the brain

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spinal chord

serves as a connection between the PNS and the brain
controls simple reflexes
made of tracts (white matter)
and grey matter

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brocas

spoken (left for 97%)

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pyramidal system

voluntary motor tracts from the cerebrum to the spinal chord

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extrapyramidal system

involuntary motor tracts from the cerebral nuclei,brainstem, and cerebellum to the spinal chord

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brain tract

bundle of axons in the cns

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ascending tracts

sensory/ afferent carries impulses for touch pressure pain temperature, spacial awareness first, second, third order neurons

first order neuron

posterior root

second order neuron

soma in the gray matter of the spinal chord

third order neuron

opposite hemisphere of the cerebrum. soma in the thalamus and ends in the cerebral cortex

descending tracts

motor (efferent) carry the impulses (voluntary/involuntary) from the cerebral cortex to the skeletal muscles made of upper and lower order neurons

reflex arc

simplest part of the nervous system capable of detecting and responding to the stimulus

receptor

detects change | sends up to first order neuron

afferent neuron

conducts impulse to cns

efferent neuron

conducts impulse to effector (lower motor neuron)

effector

muscle or gland that initiate response

posterior root

sensory

anterior root

motor

somatic reflex

controls skeletal muscles

visceral

control activity of smooth and cardiac muscles

monosynaptic

oen synapse

polysynaptic

many synapses

ipsilateral

can be by itself | stimulis/response occurring on the same side

contralateral

cannot happen alone | response occurs on the opposite side of the stimulus

cranial

controlled by the brain

spinal

controlled by the spinal chord

the blood-brain barrier

help prevent passage of toxins from the blood into the brain

cerebrospinal fluid (csf)

maintain metabolism/ bring nutrients to the brain | constantly being drained and filled

what protective membrane surround the brain and spinal chord

dura matter, arachnid, pia matter

what bones protect the brain and spinal chord

skull=brain | vertebrate= spinal chord

proprioceptors

in muscles/tendons

exteroceptors

at or near anterior body surfaces (sensations)

interoceptors

with the body (organs)

mechanoreceptors

touch/pressure stim

chemoreceptors

chemical stim

thermoreceptors

temperature stim

photoreceptors

light stim

nociceptors

pain stim

tonic receptors

adapt slow and always active | amplitude dependent

phasic receptors

adapt quickly and are only active when there is a change in the conditions that they monitor

generator potential

impulse in receptor cell

receptor potential

release of neurotransmitters-->impulse to another cell

law of adequate stimulus

the receptor that responds best to the stimulus

receptor fields are...

inversely proportional

tactile receptors

outside of the body

barorceptors

free nerve endings, inside

olfactory cranial nerve

sensory, smell

optic

sensory, sight

oculomotor

motor, control of eye movement and focusing

trochlear

motor, control of eye movement

trigeminal

mixed, sensory of face, chewing

adbucens

motor, eye movement

facial

mixed, facial movement and taste

vestibulocochlear

sensory, hearing and balance

glossopharyngeal

mixed, taste

vagus

mixed, taste

accessory

motor, swallowing and head movements

hypoglossal

motor, speech, swallowing, chewing

plexus

collection of spinal nerves

sympathetic nervous system

fight or flight

parasympathetic

rest and digest

excite

ramp up

inhibit

keep it where it should be

nervous system part 2 bitch Flashcards

(81 cards)