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Physiology Chapter 9 > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

0
Q

Astrocytes provide a protection of the brain called the

A

Blood brain barrier

Neuroglia

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1
Q

At a synapse, the neuron that is sending the action potential is..

A

presynaptic

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2
Q

This lines the cavities of the brain in the CNS

A

Ependymal

Neuroglia

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3
Q

Produces the myelin in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

Neuroglia

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4
Q

Supports neurons in the ganglia

A

Satellite cells

Neuroglia

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5
Q

Star shaped and supports neurons in the CNS

A

Astrocytes

Neuroglia

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6
Q

Smallest in size of the neuroglia

A

microglia

neuroglia

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7
Q

Forms neurolemma and myelin in the PNS

A

Schwann

Neuroglia

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8
Q

3 Functions of the nervous system are:

A

Sensation
Integration
Motor (to effector)

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9
Q

The synaptic cleft is the space that a __________ crosses to initiate a response in a post synaptic neuron

A

Neurotransmitter

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10
Q

What is the difference between a nerve and a tract?

A

Nerve is in the PNS

Tract is in the CNS

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11
Q

The insulating material of a neuron in the PNS is

A

Myelin

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12
Q

Name 3 characteristics that would increase the speed of nerve transmission

A

Larger diameter
Myelin
Warmer temperature

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13
Q

The body’s natural pain-killer is

A

Endorphines

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14
Q

A neurotransmitter that helps regulates moods is

A

Seratonin

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15
Q

The “fight or flight” nervous system is

A

Sympathetic

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16
Q

Highly branched; input part of the neuron

A

Dendrites

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17
Q

Unmyelinated gap in the myelin sheath

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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18
Q

Bundle of many axons in the CNS

A

tract

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19
Q

Neuron that conveys information from a receptor to the CNS

A

afferent/sensory

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20
Q

Group of cell bodies in the CNS

A

Nucleus

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21
Q

Neuron that conveys information from the CNS to an effector

A

Motor/efferent

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22
Q

Produces myelin sheath in PNS

A

Schwann cell

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23
Q

Group of cell bodies in the PNS

A

Ganglia

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24
Q

Long, cylindrical process that conducts impulses toward another neuron

A

Axon

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25
Q

The portion of the neuron containing the nucleus

A

Cell body

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26
Q

Sac in which the neurotransmitter is stored

A

Synaptic vessicle

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27
Q

Neuron located entirely within the CNS

A

Interneuron

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28
Q

Substance used for communication at chemical synapses

A

Neurontransmitter

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29
Q

Bundle of many axons in the PNS

A

Nerve

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30
Q

Rounded structure at the distal end of an axon terminal

A

Synaptic end bulb

31
Q

This type of neuron takes impulses to muscles

A

motor/efferent

32
Q

An axon carries an impulse____from a cell body

A

away

33
Q

A neurotransmitter must cross the_______to initiate and impulse in postsynaptic neuron

A

Synaptic cleft

34
Q

A motor neuron is an example of____nerve

A

efferent

35
Q

A myelinated neuron appears to be what color?

A

white

36
Q

MS is more common in

A

Women

37
Q

Membrane where inner and outer surfaces have equal amounts of electrical charge

A

depolarized

38
Q

Membrane where an inner and outer surfaces have unequal amounts of electrical charge

A

polarized

39
Q

Time during which a neuron can’t be stimulated to initiate an impulse

A

refractory period

40
Q

Ions found in high concentration inside the plasma membrane

A

K+

41
Q

Ions found in high concentration outside the plasma membrane

A

Na+

42
Q

The difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a plasma membrane

A

Resting potential

-70mv

43
Q

The mechanism by which ions are moved through the plasma membrane from lesser to greater concentration

A

Active transport/ Sodium pump

44
Q

The portion of the nervous system that regulates the gastrointestinal tract is the

A

Enteric nervous system

45
Q

Damage to dendrites would interfere with a neurons ability to

A

receive input

46
Q

The type of cell that produces myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS is the

A

Oligodendrocytes

47
Q

A bundle of axons in the CNS is

A

a tract

48
Q

In a resting neuron

A

The sodium-potassium pump helps maintain the low concentration of Na+ inside the cell

49
Q

The depolarizing phase of a nerve impulse is cause by a

A

Rush of Na+ into the neuron

50
Q

If a stimulus is strong enough to generate an action potential, the impulse generated is of a constant size. A stronger stimulus cannot generate a larger impulse. This is known as

A

The all-or-none principle

51
Q

Saltatory conduction occurs

A

At the Nodes of Ranvier

52
Q

The speed of a nerve impulse conduction is increased by

A

myelination

53
Q

For a signal to be transmitted by means of a chemical synapse from a presynaptic neuron to a postsynaptic neuron,

A

The post synaptic neuron must contain neurotransmitter receptors

54
Q

What would happen at the postsynaptic neuron if the total inhibitory effects of the neurotransmitters were greater than the total excitatory effects?

A

No nerve impulse would be generated

55
Q

Inhibitory amino acid in the CNS

A

GABA

56
Q

A gaseous neurotransmitter that is not packaged into synaptic vessicles

A

Nitric oxide

57
Q

Excitatory amino acid in the CNS

A

Glutamate

58
Q

Body’s natural pain killer

A

Endorphines

59
Q

Helps regulate mood

A

Serotonin

60
Q

Neurotransmitter that activates skeletal muscle fibers

A

Acetylcholine

61
Q

The portion of a neuron containing the nucleus

A

Cell body

62
Q

Rounded structure at the end of the axon terminal

A

Synaptic end bulb

63
Q

Highly branched, input part of a neuron

A

Dendrite

64
Q

Sac in which neurotransmitter is stored

A

Synaptic vessicle

65
Q

Neuron located entirely within the CNS

A

Interneuron

66
Q

Long, cylindrical process that conducts impulses toward another neuron

A

Axon

67
Q

Produces myelin sheath in the PNS

A

Schwann cell

68
Q

Unmyelinated gap in the myelin sheath

A

Node of Ranvier

69
Q

Substance that increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction

A

Myelin sheath

70
Q

Neuron that conveys information from a receptor to the CNS

A

Sensory neuron

71
Q

Neuron that conveys information from the CNS to an effector

A

Motor neuron

72
Q

Bundle of many axons in the PNS

A

Nerve

73
Q

Bundle of many axons in the CNS

A

Tract

74
Q

Group of cell bodies in the PNS

A

ganglion

75
Q

Group of cell bodies in the CNS

A

Nucleus

76
Q

Substance used for communication at chemical synapses

A

Neurotransmitter

Physiology Chapter 9 (1 decks)

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