Network Basics Flashcards
(28 cards)
A Network is an ________ of a set of devices capable of communication.
interconnection
ex. Personal devices (tablets, smartphones, etc.)
What is the goal for a Network.
- Resource sharing (printers, applications, databases, etc.)
- Load sharing
- Improving reliability and availability
- Providing an additional means of person-to-person communication
- Providing cost efficiency or providing better price-performance ratio (A network of low-end computing systems costs less than a single high-end computing system for equivalent performance)
- Allowing scalability
What are examples of how you use networks every day?
- Early days (remote computer access – telnet, file transfer, email, etc.)
- Instant messaging, World Wide Web
- Social networking (Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, etc.)
- Voice over IP (VoIP), video chat (Skype)
- Streaming audio and video (radio and television)
- Videoconferencing, telecommuting (doing work from home), electronic commerce (transfers of info over the internet), etc.
Network Interface Card is _____________________________.
Full-duplex bit-serial synchronous communication
For Network Interface Card, Data rate is expressed in
bits per second (bps)
For Network Interface Card, Mac Address is
48-bits physical Address written as 12 hex digits
e.g., B0-83-FE-6A-47-FF
Example of Network Components
Router
Switch
Hub
Hosts (Client, Server)
Hosts are the devices used by ________________________.
end users to access applications
In order have a network, connect the components together with some _______.
media
Network is defined by 3 branches, ________, _______, & ________.
- Geography
- Topology
- Resource Location
What do they stand for:
PAN: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. LAN: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. CAN: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. MAN: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. WAN: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
PAN: Personal-area network LAN: Local-area network CAN: Campus-area network MAN: Metropolitan-area network WAN: Wide-area network
PAN: Personal-Area Network
Scale: ______.
Distance: ________.
Wired: ________.
Wireless: ________.
Components: ________, ________, ________, ________, and so on.
Scale: Human
Distance: A few meters
Wired: USB
Wireless: Bluetooth
Components: PCs, headphones, keyboards, smartphones, and so on
LAN: Local-Area Network
Scale: ______.
Distance: ________.
Wired: ________.
Wireless: ________.
Components: ________, ________, ________, ________, and so on.
Scale: Room or building
Distance: Usually 100 meters or less
Wired: Cat 6 or fiber
Wireless: 802.11
Components: PCs, routers, switches, servers, printers, wireless access points, and so on
CAN: Campus-Area Network
Scale: ______.
Distance: ________.
Wired: ________.
Wireless: ________.
Components: ________, ________, ________, ________, and so on.
Scale: Cluster of buildings
Distance: Usually a mile or less
Wired: Fiber, coax
Wireless: 802.11, microwave
Components: Routers, switches, wireless bridges, and so on
MAN: Metropolitan-Area Network
Scale: ______.
Distance: ________.
Wired: ________.
Wireless: ________.
Components: ________, ________, ________, ________, and so on.
Scale: City
Distance: Usually a few miles or less
Wired: Fiber, coax
Wireless: Microwave
Components: Routers, switches, wireless bridges, and so on
WAN: Wide-Area Network
Scale: ______.
Distance: ________.
Wired: ________.
Wireless: ________.
Components: ________, ________, ________, ________, and so on.
Scale: State, country, global
Distance: A few miles to thousands of miles
Wired: Fiber
Wireless: Microwave
Components: Routers, switches, satellites, and so on
Whats the meaning of a Topology?
means “HOW” the components are connected to each other.
Advantages and Disadvantages from having a Bus Topology
- Good in Small Networks only (because there is no traffic). Bad for Large Networks.
- Difficult to identify problem when whole network goes down.
Advantages of Bus Topology
• Easy to connect a computer or peripheral to a linear bus.
• Requires less cable length than a star topology.
Disadvantages of Bus Topology
• Entire network shuts down if there is a break in the main cable.
• Terminators are required at both ends of the backbone cable.
• Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down.
• Not meant to be used as a stand-alone solution.
Advantages and Disadvantages from having a Ring Topology
Send packet from one computer to another until it reads its destination. Doesn’t have alternate routes.
Advantages
• Each node gets to send the data when it receives an empty token.
• This helps to reduces chances of collision. Also in ring topology all the traffic flows in only one direction at very high speed.
Disadvantages
• Each packet of data must pass through all the computers between source and destination. This makes it slower than Star topology.
• If one workstation or port goes down, the entire network gets affected.
• Network is highly dependent on the wire which connects different components.
• MAU’s and network cards are expensive as compared to Ethernet cards and hubs.
What is a Star Topology?
A star topology is designed with each node (like workstations, printers, laptops, servers etc.) connected directly to a central device called as a network switch. Each workstation has a cable that goes from its network card to a network switch.
Advantages and Disadvantages from having a Star Topology
Every Node connects to a central Hub, switch, or PC acting as a server and the rest as clients. If the central Fails, it all Fails. It has alternate routes (passages).
Advantages of Star Topology
• Easy to install and wire.
• No disruptions to the network when connecting or removing devices.
• Easy to detect faults and to remove parts.
Disadvantages of Star Topology
• Requires more cable length than a linear bus topology.
• If the connecting network device (network switch) fails, nodes attached are disabled and cannot participate in network communication.
• More expensive than linear bus topology because of the cost of the connecting devices (network switches).
Advantages and Disadvantages from having a Hub-and-Spoke Topology
“Hub Node” is one to many.
Only one route (ways) to get to each node.
In a Hub-and-spoke Site-to-Site Wide Area Network (WAN) network topology, one physical site act as Hub (Example, Main Office), while other physical sites act as spokes. Spoke sites are connected to each other via Hub site. In Hub-and-spoke Wide Area Network (WAN) topology, the network communication between two spokes always travel through the hub.
Main disadvantage of Hub-and-spoke Wide Area Network (WAN) network topology is that it may cause communication time lags. Wide Area Network (WAN) network topology also has redundancy issues. If the Main Office network fails, entire Enterprise network communication may fail.
Advantages and Disadvantages from having a Full-Mesh Topology
Full Mesh Topology:
-each component is connected to every other component.
Max: 2 ^n
its main advantage is that the network traffic can be redirected to other nodes if one of the nodes goes down. Full mesh topology is used only for backbone networks.
Advantages and Disadvantages from having a Partial-Mesh Topology
Partial Mesh Topology:
-one of the systems are connected in similar fashion as in mesh topology while rests of the systems are only connected to 1 or 2 devices.
in partial mesh, the workstations are ‘indirectly’ connected to other devices. This one is less costly and also reduces redundancy.
