Network Naming

Question 1

NetBIOS

Answer 1

• used broadcasts for name resolution
• computer broadcasted its mac and name when booted up
• broadcasts made it unacceptable for large networks
• only handled names, SMB handled sharing

Question 2

NetBIOS ports

Answer 2

TCP ports 137 and 139

UDP ports 137 and 138

Question 3

SMB

Answer 3

Server Message Block

• shared files and folders over NetBIOS
• TCP port 445

Question 4

DNS ports

Answer 4

UDP port 53

sometimes TCP 53

Question 5

DNS root servers

Answer 5

Top level of internet computers
name is a dot .
delegate name resolution to top-level domain servers

Question 6

TLD

Answer 6

Top level domains

com, org, net, edu, gov, mil, int

Question 7

who runs TLD

Answer 7

ICANN

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

Question 8

hostname chars are limited to

Answer 8

letters, numbers and a hypen

Question 9

is dns case sensative?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

FQDN

Answer 10

Fully Qualified Domain Name

- complete DNS name

Question 11

DNS char limit

Answer 11

255

Question 12

zone

Answer 12

a container for a single domain that gets filled with records

Question 13

record

Answer 13

a line in the zone data that maps an FQDN to an IP address

Question 14

authoritative name server

Answer 14

single DNS server on a domain

Question 15

who registers domain names

Answer 15

ICANN

Question 16

DNS resolver cache

Answer 16

a memory area that also includes any recently resolved addresses

Question 17

see current DNS server windows CLI

Answer 17

ipconfig /all

Question 18

see current DNS server Unix/Linux

Answer 18

cat /etc/resolv.conf

Question 19

view DNS cache in Windows CLI

Answer 19

ipconfig /displaydns

Question 20

most popular DNS server in UNIX/Linux

Answer 20

Bind

Question 21

cache-only dns server

Answer 21

• never authoritative
• only used to talk to other DNS servers to resolve IP addresses
• resolved FQDN’s are cached to speed up future lookups

Question 22

forward lookup zones

Answer 22

record of IP addresses and FQDNs for computers with a domain

Question 23

CNAME

Answer 23

canonical name record

- acts like an alias

Question 24

AAAA Records

Answer 24

equivalent of A records, but for IPv6

Question 25

MX Records

Answer 25

used exclusively by SMTP servers to determine where to send mail

Question 26

SRV Record

Answer 26

Generic type of record that supports any type of server

Question 27

TXT Record

Answer 27

A freeform record that can be used for anything

Question 28

Two types of Forward Lookup Zones

Answer 28

Primary - created on the DNS server that will act as the primary server Secondary - created on other DNS servers to act as backups to the primary zone

Question 29

Reverse lookup zones

Answer 29

enables a system to determine an FQDN by knowing the IP address, called a PTR (pointer) record

Question 30

SMB ports

Answer 30

With NetBIOS - TCP 137 & 139, UDP 137 & 138 | Without NetBIOS - TCP 445

Question 31

Active Directory

Answer 31

- organization of related computers that share one or more domains - no single domain controller, all controllers are equal

Question 32

Active Directory DNS

Answer 32

- all domain controllers are DNS servers | - automatically send DNS info to each other, eliminating zone transfers

Question 33

Active Directory DNS

Answer 33

- all domain controllers are DNS servers | - automatically send DNS info to each other, eliminating zone transfers

Question 34

DNS forwarding

Answer 34

forward any DNS request that is not authoritative

Question 35

DDNS

Answer 35

Dynamic DNS - enabled DNS servers to get automatic updates of IP addresses of computers in their forward lookup zones by talking to DHCP server - when DHCP server updates records, it reports it to DNS server

Question 36

Force DNS server to update its records

Answer 36

ipconfig /registerdns

Question 37

DNSSEC

Answer 37

DNS Security Extensions - prevents others from impersonating legitimate DNS servers - implemented through EDNS (Extension Mechanisims for DNS)

Question 38

IPAM

Answer 38

IP Address Management - softwae that includes at minimum a DHCP and DNS server that are specially designed to work together - Windows Server uses IPAM

Question 39

Clear DNS cache on windows

Answer 39

ipconfig /flushdns

Question 40

extra dns query tool on unix/linux

Answer 40

dig (domain information grouper)

Question 41

Steps to diagnose network troubles

Answer 41

1) Diagnose the NIC 2) Check NIC driver 3) Diagnose Locally - ping other resources on network 4) Check IP and Subnet 5) Run netstat - can show broken applications not connected 6) Run netstat -s 7) Diagnose to the Gateway 8) Diagnose to the Internet

Question 42

NetBIOS uses what type of namespace?

Answer 42

flat

Question 43

cant ping loopback

Answer 43

broken nic

Question 44

what is checked first when trying to resolve an FQDN to an IP address?

Answer 44

host file