Networks

Question 1

Define Network

Answer 1

2 or more computers that are connected together

Question 2

Define stand-alone computer

Answer 2

When a computer is not connected to anything else

Question 3

5 advantages of a network

Answer 3

• share files
• share peripheral devices
• Share Internet connection
• users can communicate
• access files more than one device

Question 4

5 disadvantages of a network

Answer 4

• need a manager to run it
• servers and cables are expensive
• malware can spread easily
• Security risk to data
• Computers, run slower if a lot of data traveling through network

Question 5

What are standards

Answer 5

Software and hardware specifications that manufactures follow in order to make the devices compatible with other devices

Question 6

De Jure standard

Answer 6

These are standards that are regulated by official bodies EG form of HTML

Question 7

De Facto standards

Answer 7

Not regulated by officials, however used by popularity for eg, webpage font

Question 8

Network protocol

Answer 8

Set of rules that allow computers to communicate with each other

Question 9

7 types of networks

Answer 9

• HTTP
  -HTTPS
  -FTP
  -SMTP
  -POP
  -IMAP
  -SSH

Question 10

HTTP?

Answer 10

Hyper text transfer protocol

Question 11

HTTPS?

Answer 11

More secure version of HTTP, has an encryption an authentication Layer

Question 12

FTP?

Answer 12

Used for sending files between computers

Question 13

TCP? And IP?

Answer 13

TCP- responsible for the breakdown of data into packets
IP- responsible for routing the data packets to the correct destination

Question 14

SMTP?

Answer 14

If mail recipient is on a different domain, SMTP is used to forward the email on to the recipients mail server

Question 15

POP

Answer 15

Post office protocol – after emails are retrieved. They are transferred to the local computer and then delete it from the server. Email cannot access on other devices.

Question 16

IMAP

Answer 16

Internet message access protocol Dash Chiefs emails from receivers email server but once download it email is retained on server

Question 17

what is the World Wide Web?

Answer 17

Collection of webpages, and other files stored on Web servers

Question 18

Purpose of domain names

Answer 18

Their names are given to website so the user does not have to remember the IP address

Question 19

Different parts of the domain name

Answer 19

Top level domain and subdomain

Question 20

Benefit of having DNS system

Answer 20

Enables domain names to be entered by the user and converted to the IP address of the Web server of where it is stored

Question 21

Explain how DNS system works

Answer 21

Request is for sent to DNS resolver, resolver checks cache to see if it holds the URL, if it does not, then it is passed to the TLD name server, this server also checks cache. If it cannot see it, it passes it onto authoritative name server.

Question 22

LAN

Answer 22

Used to refer to a network that is formed when devices within the same building or site are connected

Question 23

WAN

Answer 23

When two or more networks are connected over a large geographical area

Question 24

Packets and data transmission

Answer 24

Data that is broken down into smaller, equal size parts that Is sent from one computer to another

Question 25

Data the packet contains

Answer 25

- payload - protocol - senders IP address - Receivers IP address - Packet sequence number - Number of packets -Check sum

Question 26

Circuit switching

Answer 26

Temporary dedicated link between the source and destination, all data travels along the same dedicated path

Question 27

TCP/ IP protocols stack

Answer 27

Complex set of requirements needed to transmit data from one device to another

Question 28

Application layer

Answer 28

Select appropriate protocol for what application is being used

Question 29

Transport layer

Answer 29

Responsible for establishing an end and connection

Question 30

Network layer

Answer 30

Prepares a data for the Internet with IP address and destination IP address are added

Question 31

Link layer

Answer 31

Physical connection between network devices, transport in the packets

Question 32

Client – server

Answer 32

Powerful computer called server and a number of client computers that connect to it

Question 33

Advantages of client/server

Answer 33

Easier to manage file security Easier to back up shared data Easier to install updates on all computers

Question 34

Disadvantages of client/server

Answer 34

Expensive to set up Expensive to maintain Server is a single point of failure

Question 35

Peer to peer

Answer 35

No central server, and all computers have a equivalent capabilities And access rights.

Question 36

Advantages of peer to peer

Answer 36

Easy to maintain Specialist stuff not required Cheaper to set up

Question 37

Disadvantages of peer to peer

Answer 37

Network is less secure Users manage their own back ups Difficult to maintain well ordered files

Question 38

Malware

Answer 38

Code that is written with intent to frustrate Or harm, deleting files, corrupt files, encrypt files

Question 39

Virus

Answer 39

Virus attaches itself to legitimate host program and activate when the program runs

Question 40

Worm

Answer 40

Similar to virus, but does not require a host program to spread. They are self replicating.

Question 41

Trojan

Answer 41

Disguised as a legitimate program and tricks, use it into executing it (payload is released and creates a back door)

Question 42

Spyware

Answer 42

Leaks data from the computer system back to the creator of the software

Question 43

Ransomware

Answer 43

Lock you out of your computer until you pay a ransom

Question 44

Denial of service attack

Answer 44

Server is bombarded with multiple requests, causing server to become overwhelmed

Question 45

Hackers

Answer 45

Somebody who deliberately gains unauthorized computer access

Question 46

SQL injection

Answer 46

Designed to exploit vulnerabilities poorly coded database applications

Question 47

Social engineering

Answer 47

Manipulation technique that exploits human error

Question 48

Firewall

Answer 48

Monitors traffic coming in and out of the net work, can be implemented in both hardware and software, it can also block certain ports and inspect packets of data

Question 49

Passwords

Answer 49

Prevent unauthorized access to a system

Question 50

Anti – malware software

Answer 50

Performs a scan of a directory to detect and report malware, user can then remove malicious software, need to keep up-to-date

Question 51

Proxy server

Answer 51

Set between device and firewall, provides anonymity to client and keeping their IP address hidden

Question 52

Encryption

Answer 52

Turns playing text into an unreadable form

Question 53

Network hardware

Answer 53

Hardware dedicated to set up a network

Question 54

NIC(network, interface controller)

Answer 54

Responsible for collecting a device to an network

Question 55

Switch

Answer 55

Received, analyzes and redirect signals

Question 56

Hub

Answer 56

Repeat messages to all connected devices

Question 57

Routers

Answer 57

When communication happens with two networks, the router determines the path

Question 58

Modem

Answer 58

Modulates, electrical signals

Question 59

Network access device

Answer 59

Makes it possible to connect to Internet

Question 60

Transmission data

Answer 60

Copper cables or ethernet cables

Question 61

Wireless access point

Answer 61

Provides bridge between wired network connection, and other wireless devices