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University Computer Science > Networks Exam > Flashcards

Networks Exam Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

What does the OSI model stand for?

A

Open Systems Interconnection model.

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2
Q

How many layers are in the OSI model?

A

Seven layers.

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3
Q

What is the function of the Physical layer in OSI?

A

Deals with the physical transmission of data, including cables, switches, voltage levels.

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4
Q

What is the function of the Data Link layer?

A

Provides node-to-node data transfer and error detection/correction.

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5
Q

What is the function of the Network layer?

A

Handles routing, addressing, and packet forwarding.

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6
Q

What is the function of the Transport layer?

A

Ensures reliable data transfer between end systems.

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7
Q

What is the function of the Session layer?

A

Manages sessions and controls dialogues between computers.

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8
Q

What is the function of the Presentation layer?

A

Translates data between application and network formats, includes encryption and compression.

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9
Q

What is the function of the Application layer?

A

Provides network services directly to applications.

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10
Q

Which OSI layers are more application-focused?

A

Session, presentation and application

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11
Q

What is the difference between TCP and UDP?

A

TCP is connection-oriented and reliable, UDP is connectionless and faster but less reliable.

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12
Q

Which protocol is better for streaming video?

A

UDP

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13
Q

Which protocol ensures data arrives in order?

A

TCP

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14
Q

Which protocol is used for VoIP?

A

UDP

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15
Q

Why might you choose TCP over UDP?

A

When reliable delivery and error checking are needed.

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16
Q

What is IPv4?

A

A 32-bit address system for identifying devices on a network.

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17
Q

What is IPv6?

A

A 128-bit address system designed to replace IPv4.

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18
Q

Why was IPv6 introduced?

A

To accommodate the growing number of internet-connected devices.

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19
Q

What is a subnet?

A

A logical subdivision of an IP network.

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20
Q

Which version of IP supports more devices?

A

IPv6

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21
Q

What is an example of an IPv4 address?

A

192.168.1.1

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22
Q

What is CSMA/CD?

A

A network protocol that helps control how data is transmitted in Ethernet networks.

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23
Q

What is SIP used for?

A

Session Initiation Protocol is used to start, maintain, and terminate real-time sessions like VoIP.

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24
Q

What is SMTP?

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, used for sending emails.

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25
What is DNS?
Domain Name System, translates domain names into IP addresses.
26
What port is used for HTTP?
Port 80
27
What is the role of TCP/IP?
Fundamental suite of protocols for internet and network communication.
28
What is encapsulation in networking?
The process of wrapping data with protocol information before transmission.
29
What is decapsulation?
The process of removing protocol information to retrieve original data.
30
What are the five areas of network management?
Configuration, Fault, Performance, Accounting, and Security management.
31
What does SNMP stand for?
Simple Network Management Protocol.
32
What is a Management Information Base (MIB)?
A database used for network management.
33
What does RMON do?
Remote Monitoring, used for network traffic analysis.
34
What is symmetric encryption?
Encryption where the same key is used for both encryption and decryption.
35
What is public key encryption?
Uses a pair of keys: one public and one private.
36
What is SSL used for?
Secure communication over networks.
37
What is a digital certificate?
A file that proves the ownership of a public key.
38
What is a passive attack?
Monitoring communications without altering them.
39
What is an active attack?
Altering communications or systems.
40
What is an interception attack?
Unauthorized access to information.
41
What is a modification attack?
Altering data to change its meaning.
42
What is a firewall?
A system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network.
43
What is a VPN?
Virtual Private Network, extends a private network across a public network securely.
44
What does RADIUS provide?
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting services.
45
What is UTP?
Unshielded Twisted Pair, a type of cabling.
46
What is STP?
Shielded Twisted Pair, cabling with shielding for reduced interference.
47
What is fiber optic cable?
Cable that transmits data as light signals.
48
What is a VLAN?
Virtual LAN, allows logical segmentation of networks.
49
What is ATM?
Asynchronous Transfer Mode, a WAN protocol using fixed-size cells.
50
What is Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)?
Directs data from one node to another based on short path labels.
51
What is TLS in networking?
Transparent LAN Services, extends LAN across WAN.
52
What is a LAN?
Local Area Network.
53
What is a WAN?
Wide Area Network.
54
What is a MAN?
Metropolitan Area Network.
55
What is a protocol stack?
A set of network protocol layers that work together to enable communication
56
What is multiplexing in TCP/UDP?
The use of port numbers to handle multiple connections or services simultaneously
57
What are port numbers used for?
To distinguish between different services and applications on a device.
58
What is the function of a router?
To forward data packets between different networks based on IP addresses
59
What is the function of a switch?
To forward data within a local network based on MAC addresses
60
What is the function of a hub?
A basic device that broadcasts data to all LAN devices
61
What are key media selection criteria for networks?
Data rate, scalability, cost, interference and distance
62
What is coaxial cable used for?
Legacy network applications
63
What are RJ-45 connectors used with>
Ethernet cabling like CAT6
64
What is the data rate of E1?
2.048 Mbps (32 time slots)
65
What is the data rate of T1?
1.544 Mbps (24 time slots)
66
What is digitalisation of speech in networking?
Converting analog voice signals into digital format for transmission
67
What is PPP?
Point-to-Point Protocol used for direct connections between 2 nodes
68
What does Frame Relay provide?
A packet-switching protocol offering CIR and EIR bandwidth classes
69
What is CIR in Frame Relay?
Committed Information Rate - guaranteed data throughput
70
What is EIR in Frame Relay?
Excess Information Rate - traffic accepted if bandwidth is available
71
What is BERT used for?
Bit Error Rate Testing - detects transmission errors.
72
What is protocol analyse?
A tool used to inspect network packets for analysis and troubleshooting
73
What is the purpose of loopback testing?
To test the communication path by looping signals back to the sender
74
What is confidentiality in security?
Ensuring only authorised individuals can access information
75
What is integrity in security?
Ensuring that information is not altered or tampered with
76
What is authentication?
Verifying the identity of a user or device
77
What is non-repudiation?
Guarantee that someone cannot deny an action or transaction
78
What are some physical security risks?
Cable tapping, device theft, unauthorised access
79
What are examples of digital security risks?
Malware, unauthorised access, misconfigurations
80
What is DNS used for?
Translating domain names into IP addresses
81
What port does DNS use?
UDP 53 for queries, TCP 53 for zone transfers
82
What is the function of HTTP?
Used to request and transmit web pages
83
What is the difference between GET and POST in HTTP?
GET includes data in URL, POST includes data in the request body
84
What is SMTP used for?
Sending emails
85
What does ISO stand for?
International Organisation for Standardisation
86
What is IEEE known for?
Developing LAN and telecom standards like IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet)
87
What does IETF do?
Develops internet standards, publishes RFCs
88
What is the role of ITU-T?
Telecom standardisation on a global scale
89
What is POP3 used for?
Receiving emails from a server
90
What is Transparent LAN Service (TLS)?
A carrier service that connects separate LANs to act as one, without user interaction
91
Why is TLS useful?
It simplifies WAN setup and makes remote networks feel local
92
What as the original goal of VoIP?
To reduce costs by treating voice like data/ email
93
What's the modern reason for using VoIP?
Unified infrastructure for voice, video and data with better cost efficiency
94
What is a risk of using VoIP?
Unstable network connections can lower call quality
95
What does SIP stand for?
Session Initiation Protocol
96
What are the key roles of SIP?
Finding users, checking availability, setting up and managing sessions
97
What is SIP used for?
It sets up. manages and ends real-time communication sessions like voice or video calls
98
What are Network Access Points (NAP)?
Key exchange points where ISPs connect and share traffic
99
What protocol do NAPs use to exchange routing info?
BGP-4 (Border Gateway Protocol version 4)
100
What is Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)?
A method that routes at network edges but switches in the core for speed and efficiency
101
Why use MPLS?
It combines the control of routing with the speed of switching
102
What does QoS mean in networking?
Quality of Service—prioritising time-sensitive data like voice or video
103
What is Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) used for?
Managing and monitoring network devices like routers and switches
104
What are MIBs in network management?
Databases of parameters SNMP can monitor or control on a network

University Computer Science (3 decks)

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