neucleotides

Question 1

Describe how ATP is broken down to release energy.

Answer 1

ATP hydrolase (enzyme) OR ATP hydrolysis

(breaks down ATP into) ADP AND inorganic phosphate/Pi

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Question 2

Describe two ways in which ATP is a suitable energy source in living organisms.

Answer 2

releases small amounts of energy OR little energy is lost as heat

releases energy immediately OR is broken down in one step

phosphorylates other compounds to make them more reactive

can be rapidly resynthesised

does not leave cells

Question 3

Name three examples of biological processes that require ATP.

Answer 3

movement OR muscle contraction OR movement of sperm

active transport

synthesis of large molecules OR synthesis of DNA OR synthesis of proteins

cell secretion

Question 4

Describe two differences between the structure of a DNA nucleotide and the structure of an RNA nucleotide.

Answer 4

DNA nucleotides contain thymine, RNA nucleotides contain uracil

DNA contains deoxyribose (sugar), RNA contains ribose (sugar)

Question 4

State and explain the property of water that allows organisms to cool down using evaporation.

Answer 4

high latent heat of vaporisation

a lot of energy is needed to change water from a liquid to a gas OR water has a high boiling point

Question 5

Both DNA and RNA are synthesised by the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides.

Describe how a phosphodiester bond is formed between nucleotides.

Answer 5

condensation (reaction) OR reaction involving the loss of water

(between) phosphate and deoxyribose

(catalysed by the enzyme) DNA polymerase OR DNA ligase