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First Aid > Neuology - Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Neuology - Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

neuroectoderm gives rise to

A

CNS neurons
ependymal cells - inner lining of ventricles; make CSF
oligodendroglia
astrocytes

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2
Q

neural crest gives rise to

A

PNS neurons

Schwann cells

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3
Q

mesoderm gives rise to

A

microglia

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4
Q

axon injury

Wallerian degeneration

A

degeneration distal to injury
axonal retraction proximally
allows for regen of axon if PNS

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5
Q

astrocytes

A 
physical support, repair
K+ metabolism
removal of excess nt
maintain b3
marker: GFAP
injury = reactive gliosis
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6
Q

microglia

A

CNS phagocytes
mesodermal origin
HIV = multinucleated giant cell in CNS

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7
Q

myelin

A

increase conduction velocity of signals down axons
increase space constant
salutatory conduction of AP btwn nodes of Ranvier
CNS - oligodendrocytes
PNS - Schwann cells

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8
Q

oligodendroglia

A

oligodendrocyte myelinate multiple CNS axons

destroyed in MS - “fried eggs” on H&E

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9
Q

Schwann cells

A

myelinates one PNS axon
promote axonal regeneration
derived from neural crest
destroyed in Guillain-Barre syndrome

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10
Q

acoustic neuroma

A

type of schwannoma

internal acoustic meatus (CN VIII)

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11
Q

sensory corpuscles: free nerve endings

description

A

C - slow, unmyelinated fibers

Adelta - fast, myelinated fibers

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12
Q

sensory corpuscles: free nerve endings

location

A

all skin, epidermis, some viscera

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13
Q

sensory corpuscles: free nerve endings

senses

A

pain

temperature

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14
Q

sensory corpuscles: Meissner’s corpuscles

description

A

large, myelinated fibers

adapt quickly

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15
Q

sensory corpuscles: Meissner’s corpuscles

location

A

glabrous (hairless) skin

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16
Q

sensory corpuscles: Meissner’s corpuscles

senses

A

dynamic, fine/light touch

position sense

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17
Q

sensory corpuscles: Pacinian corpuscles

description

A

large, myelinated fibers

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18
Q

sensory corpuscles: Pacinian corpuscles

location

A

deep skin layers
ligaments
joints

19
Q

sensory corpuscles: Pacinian corpuscles

senses

A

vibration

pressure

20
Q

sensory corpuscles: Merkel’s discs

description

A

large, myelinated fibers

adapt slowly

21
Q

sensory corpuscles: Merkel’s discs

location

A

hair follicles

22
Q

sensory corpuscles: Merkel’s discs

senses

A

pressure
deep static touch
position sense

23
Q

peripheral nerve: endoneurium

A

invests single nerve fiber layers

inflam infiltrate in Guillian-Barre

24
Q

peripheral nerve: perineurium

A

permeability barrier
surrounds a fascicle of nerve fibers
must be rejoined in microsurg. for limb reattachment

25
Q

peripheral nerve: epineurium

A

dense connective tissue, surrounds entire nerve

fascicles and blood vessels

26
Q

NT: NE

in disease

A

up in anxiety

down in depression

27
Q

NT: NE

synthesis

A

locus ceruleus

pons

28
Q

NT: dopamine

in disease

A

up in schizophrenia
down in Parkinson’s
down in depression

29
Q

NT: dopamine

synthesis

A

ventral tegmentum & SNc (midbrain)

30
Q

NT: 5-HT

in disease

A

down in anxiety

down in depression

31
Q

NT: 5-HT

synthesis

A

Raphe nucleus (pons)

32
Q

NT: ACh

in disease

A

down in Alzheimer’s
down in Huntington’s
up in REM sleep

33
Q

NT: ACh

synthesis

A

basal nucleus of Meynert

34
Q

NT: GABA

in disease

A

down in anxiety

down in Huntington’s

35
Q

NT: GABA

synthesis

A

nucleus accumbens

36
Q

locus ceruleus

A

stress and panic

37
Q

nucleus accumbens & septal nucleus

A

reward center
pleasure
addiction
fear

38
Q

Three structures of b3

A

tight junctions btwn nonfenestrated capillary endothelial cells
basement membrane
astrocyte foot processes

39
Q

b3 passage for glucose, aa’s

A

slowly

carrier-mediated transport mechanism

40
Q

b3 passage for nonpolar/lipid-soluble substances

A

rapid

diffusion

41
Q

area postrema

A

fenestrated caps, no b3
molecules in blood affect brain function
vomit after chemo

42
Q

OVLT

A

fenestrated caps, no b3
molecules in blood affect brain function
osmotic sensing

43
Q

neurohypophysis

A

fenestrated caps, no b3
neurosecretory products enter circulation
ADH release

44
Q

vasogenic edema

A

infarction or neoplasm destroys endothelial cell tight junctions

First Aid (6 decks)

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