Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NEET ZOOLOGY > NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION > Flashcards

NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION Flashcards

1
Q

maintenance of the steady and stable internal environment is called

A

homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

neural organization in hydra

A

neurons lick to form a plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

neural organization insects

A

brain + ganglia + neural tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

nervous system divided into

A

CNS & PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

site of information processing

A

CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CNS divided into

A

brian and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

nerve is

A

collection of nerve fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Component of the PNS

A

nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of nerve fibers

A

afferent sensory neuron efferent motor neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Division of PNS

A

Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

SNS relays impulse from CNS to

A

voluntary muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ANS realyas impulse from CNS to

A

involuntary organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ANS divided into

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

neurotransmitter in sympathetic NS

A

adrenaline and noradrenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

neurotransmitter in parasympathetic NS

A

acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sympathetic NS is (excitatory or inhibitory)

A

excitatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Parasympathetic NS is (excitatory or inhibitory)

A

inhibitory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Human brain has how many nuerons

A

100 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

funtional unit of nervous system

A

neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Parts of the neuron

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is Nissl’s granules

A

RER and ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cytoplasm of axon

A

axoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Types of neurons

A

Multipolar

pseudo polar

bipolar

unipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where is multipolar neuron found

A

cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where are bipolar neurons found

A

Retinal layer of eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Unipolar neurons are found

A

in embryonic stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where are pseudo polar neurons found

A

dorsal root ganglion of spinal chord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

neurons are surrounded by

A

glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

types of glial cells and function

A

astrocyte (provide nutrition)

microglia(phagocytic)

neurolemmocyte (form myelin sheath in PNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What forms myelin sheath in CNS

A

oligodendrocyute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What forms mylein sheath in PNS

A

Schwan cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Schwan cells AKA

A

meurolemmo cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Nervous system is derived from which germinal layer

A

Ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Microglial cells are dervived from

A

mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

types of axons

A

myelinated and non myelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Myelinated neurons are found in

A

spinal and cranial nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is discontinuous at the node of ranvier

A

myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

myelin sheath acts as an

A

insulator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Schwann cells produces …….in the non myelinated axon

A

nuerilemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Neurilemma is absent in CNS

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Unmyelinated neurons mostly found in

A

ANS and SNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Extracellular fluid is has high amount of

A

Na+ ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Intercellular(axoplasm) fluid has higher concentration of

A

K+ ions

and negatively charged protiens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

types of ion channels

A

voltage gated channels

and leakage channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Resting membrane potenial

A

varies from -40 to -90

Typical value is -70 mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Threshold potential

A

-60 mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

explain the polarized state

A

Axoplasm -ve charge with K+ ions in high conc and negatively charger proteins

Extracellular fluid =ve charge with Na+ ions in high conc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What causes opening of Na+ channels

A

threshold stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

explain depolarized state

A

Axoplasm +ve charge with high conc of Na+ and K+ ions and

ESF -ve charged because of low Na+ conc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

How is depolarized state acheived

A

stimulus opens Na+ voltage gated channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

explain repolarized state

A

axoplasm -ve charge with high conc of Na+ ion and negatively charged proteins

ECF is +ve charge with high conc of K+ ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

how is repolarized state achieved

A

K+ channels open and K+ moves to ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

How is polarized state achieved

A

Na+ K+ pumps

3Na+ to ECF from axoplasm

2Ka+ to axoplasm from ECF

for 1 ATP molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Saltatory conduction

A

myelin sheath is impervious to ions

so impulse jumps from one node of ranvier to the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

axon terminals can be in association with

A

dendrite

cell body

axon

muscle

secretory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

synapse =

A

pre synaptic membrane

synaptic cleft

post synaptic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Types of synapse

A

electrical synapse

chemical synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

pre and post synaptic membrane in Electrical synapse

A

both are in close proximity

Membranes connected by gap juntions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

electric and chemical synapse , speed comparison

A

electric synapse > chemical synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Pre and post synaptic membrane in chemical synapse

A

are far apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Impulse transmission in chemical synapse is done with the help of

A

Neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Chemical synapse impulse transmission

A

impulse reaches axon terminals

causes voltage gated Ca+ channels to open

enter synaptic knob

and attaches to synaptic vesicles

and cause neurotransmitter to release neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft by exocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters

A

Acetylcholine, adrenaline , noradrenaline and glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Adrenaline and nor adrenaline AKA

A

epinephrine and nor epinephrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

Dopamine, serotonin, GABA, Glycine

66
Q

Acetylcholine inactivated by

A

acetylcholineesterase

67
Q

Norepinephrine is inactivated by

A

monoamine oxidase

68
Q

The brain is divided into

A

prosencephalon (fore)

mesencephalon (mid)

rhombencephalon (hind)

69
Q

The prosencephalon is divided into

A

diencephalon

telencephalon

70
Q

the diencephalon is divided into

A

thalamus

epithalamus

hypothalamus

71
Q

telencephalon is divided into

A

cerebral cortex

corpus striatum

limbic system

72
Q

limbic system consists of

A

hippocampus and amygdala

73
Q

rhombencephalon divided into

A

Myelencephalon

metencephalon

74
Q

What is the myelencephalon

A

the medulla

75
Q

metencephalon is divided into

A

pons and cerebellum

76
Q

Name the cranial meninges

(iPAD)

A

piamater (inner)

arachnoidmater

duramater (outer)

77
Q

Duramater is made of

A

tough connective tissue

78
Q

Arachnoid is made of

A

delicate connective tissue

79
Q

Thin and highly vascular meninx is

A

Piamater

80
Q

space between duramater and arachnoid

A

sub-dural space

81
Q

space between arachnoid and piamater

A

sub-arachnoid space

82
Q

CSF is present in

Subdural space or subarachnoid space

A

subarachnoid space

83
Q

funtions of brain

A

Voluntary movement

body balance

thermoregulation

functioning of vital organs

maintains the circadian rhythm

controls endocrine glands

hunger and thirst

84
Q

cerebrum divided into

A

left and right cerebral hemispsheres

85
Q

each cerebral hemisphere is divided into

A

frontal , parietal , occiptal and temporal lobe

86
Q

Cerebral hemispheres are connected by

A

corpus callosum

87
Q

length of the corpus calosum

A

10 cm

88
Q

Corpus callosum made of how many nerve fibers

A

200 million

89
Q

bundle of nerve fibers are called …….. in CNS

A

tract

90
Q

Anterior and posterior part of the corpus callosum

A

Genu and Splenium

91
Q

thickness of cerebral cortex

A

2-4 milli meter

92
Q

how many neurons in cerebral cortex

A

10 billion

93
Q

shapes of neurons in cerebral cortex

A

pyramid , spindle , satellite

94
Q

cerebral cortex AKA

A

gray matter

95
Q

why is cerebral cortex called gray matter

A

because the neurons are greyish brown in appearance

96
Q

convolutions of the brain

A

sulci (grooves)

fissures (deep grooves)

gyri (bulges between grooves)

97
Q

how do convulsions help

A

increase surface area for more neurons

98
Q

by how much do convulsions increase the surface area in the brain

A

by 3 times

99
Q

region below the cerebral cortex is called

A

white matter

100
Q

why is white matter called so

A

high concentrations of myelin gives white colour

101
Q

3 area of the cerebral cortex

A

motor area

sensory area

association area

102
Q

Function of association area of cerebral cortex

A

intersensory association

Memory

Communication

103
Q

explain intersensory association

A

Different sensations like touch , smell and sight are interconnected for proper interpretation.

104
Q

smallest part of the diencephalon

A

epithalamus

105
Q

position of the epithalamus

A

posterior end of the third ventricle

106
Q

epithalamus consists of

A

pineal gland and habenula

107
Q

the cerebrum wraps around a structure called

A

thalamus

108
Q

what is the relay center of the brain cortex

A

thalamus

109
Q

Position of the hypothalamus

A

base of the thalamus

110
Q

function of hypothalamus

A

control body temp

controls urge to eat and drink

sexual drive

emotions

endocrine functions

111
Q

hormones of hypothalamus are produced by

A

neurosecretory cells

112
Q

what are neurosecretory cells in hypothalamus

A

hypothalamic neurons

113
Q

hormones produced by hypothalamus are called

A

hypothalamic hormones

114
Q

Name the hypothalamic hormones

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

ADH

oxytosin

115
Q

What brain structures are responsible for human behaviour

A

Hypothalamus and limbic system

116
Q

Shape of amygdala

A

almond shape

117
Q

Amygdala is associated with what emotion

A

rage and anger

118
Q

Hippocampus is associated with what funtions

A

memory recalling

conversion of long term memory to short term memory

119
Q

position of the mid brain

A

between hypothalamus and pons

120
Q

midbrain consists of

A

4 lobes collectively called corpora quadrigemina

121
Q

Arrangement of the 4 lobes of midrain

A

2 on on the upper side

2 on the lower side

122
Q

upper 2 lobes of midbrain is called

A

superior colliculi

123
Q

lower two lobes of midbbrain are called

A

inferior colliculi

124
Q

inferior colliculi funtion

A

receives impulse from ears and muscles of the head

controls auditory reflex

Coordinated movement of head to detect source of sound

125
Q

superior colliculi function

A

receives impulse from eyes and muscles of the head

control visual reflex

Controls coordinated movement of eyes and head to focus on an object

126
Q

Hindbrain consists of

A

pons

cerebellum

medula oblongata

127
Q

which part’s tract connects to various parts of the brain

A

pons

128
Q

function of pons

A

neural link between cerebral cortex and cerebellum

129
Q

pneumotaxic center is present in

A

pons

130
Q

function of pneumotaxic center

A

regulate respiratory rhythm center

131
Q

respiratory rhytem center present in

A
132
Q

2nd largest part of the brain

A

cerebellum

133
Q

Cerebellum constituted of

A

cerebellar hemisphere and vermis

134
Q

function of cerebellum

A

coordinate locomotry activity

135
Q

what is important for rapid muscular actvity

A

cerebellum

136
Q

medulla oblongata controls

A

respiration, cardiovascular reflex, and gastric secretions

137
Q

what center of the medulla oblongata controls respiration

A

respiratory rhythm center

138
Q

how does medulla oblongata control the cardiovascular reflex

A

it has a center than controls the ANS

which provides sympathetic and parasympathetic supply to the heart

139
Q

brain stem =

A

mid brain + hind brain

140
Q

what connects the brain and spinal cord

A

Brain stem

141
Q

reflex pathway

A

sensory receptor

sensory neuron

interneuron

motor neuron

effector organ

142
Q

the organization of sensory , inter and motor neuron is NOT a simple 1:1:1 ratio

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

143
Q

In knee jerk reflex the sensory neuron enter the spinal cord from the _____ side via the _______

A

dorsal

dorsal root ganglion

144
Q

interneuron present in which part of the spinal cord

A

gray matter

145
Q

funtion of interneuron

A

serves as a connection between sensory and motor neuron

146
Q

In knee jerk relfex is interneuron involved

A

No

Only one synapse is formed between a sensory and motor neuron

147
Q

what is the result during knee jerk reflex

A

contraction of quadriceps

and inhibition of contraction of hamstring

148
Q

types of interneurons

A

stimulatory and inhibitory

149
Q

knee jerk

salivation on tasting food

peristalisis

closing eyes when objects come close

are examples of

A

unconditioned rflex

150
Q

salivating on seeing food

knitting

playing an instrument

writing

are examples of

A

conditioned reflex

151
Q

Types of reflex (on basis of synapse)

A

monosynaptic reflex

polysynaptic reflex

152
Q

example of monosynaptic reflex

A

knee jerk reflex

153
Q

Name 4 neurological disease

A

Parkinson’s DIsease

Alzheimer’s

Schizophrenia

Huntingtons Chorea

154
Q

Cause of parkinsons disease

A

low dopamine

155
Q

cause of Alzheimer’s

A

low acetylcholine

156
Q

cause od schizophrenia

A

high dopamine

157
Q

casue of hintingtons chorea

A

low GABA

low acetylcholine

158
Q

symptoms of parkinsons

A

tremors in body

causing slow voluntary movement

159
Q

sympotoms of alzhiemers

A

memory loss

160
Q

symptoms of schizophrenia

A

hallucinations

behavioral disorder

161
Q

symptoms of huntingtons chorea

A

flicking movements

severe dementia

NEET ZOOLOGY (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions