Neural correlates of motor learning Flashcards

Question

Initial/cognitive - Prefrontal/ DLPFC/ACC

Answer 1

involved in the conscious/cognitive recognition of error – you know you are wrong

Answer 2

loop includes just the caudate not the cuadate and the putamen

Answer 3

This loop is picking out the best strategy thinking about what you are doing

Answer 4

when you are first learning how to do things you cannot use you motor loop that well yet We do not know which plan to select

Answer 5

BG loop are collaborative – therefore they can be working on the same thing at the same time

Answer 6

Less variability of performance/less error Releasing degrees of freedom/improved coordination Smoother movement

Answer 7

Less reliant on feedback, better estimation of own error

Answer 8

Learning of sensory-motor map, the internal model Learning how they move in the environment – making a internal model Laying down this internal model into Long-term memory

Answer 9

PFC/DLPFC activation.

Answer 10

cere and BG

Answer 11

remains active to detect/correct error during motor execution, but it is LESS active than during initial learning

Answer 12

intial learning - very active intermediate - less active advanced -stable

Answer 13

change of loops Less active: The caudate/DLPFC loop, active in initial learning More active: The SMA/Putamen loop (the skeletal motor loop) becomes MORE ACTIVE as learning progresses.

Answer 14

Skills can be performed quickly (if appropriate for task) Minimal error/more consistency, less variability Looks coordinated/exploiting DOF

Answer 15

Don’t need to attend to motor skill/can pay attention to other things going on in the environment

Answer 16

change from activity in multiple brain areas from all parts of the cerebrum, to high activity in a focused, smaller set of brain areas. Moving from cortical-to-cortical communication to cortical to striatum communications The BG is selecting that plan that we need

Answer 17

the efficiency and automaticity of well-learned motor skills

Answer 18

activity in this loop triggers the selection and stores the plan for movement sequences that require precise timing. this loop allows voluntary movement sequences to be run off automatically EX: getting up from a chair, a memorized piano piece

Answer 19

parkisons Most difficulty with initiation of skills like walking, sit/stand, because they have lost the automaticity of internally generated / motivated skills.

Answer 20

Because the attention demand is so high in early learning, remember to keep verbal cues focused and prioritized

Answer 21

Allow time between the end of their movement attempt and your feedback – they need to process their own feedback first.

Answer 22

Use trial/error and discovery learning when appropriate – we know this involves multiple brain areas – the power of multiple areas signaling error and refining the motor plan.

Answer 23

Trial/error discovery may not be beneficial for someone in lower rancho scale

Answer 24

STM and attention most disrupted may be able to preform but cannot keep attention for that long – therefore try to minimized distraction

Answer 25

Early in disease focus on aerobic/goal-based exercise to slow deterioration, promote overall brain health Aerobic exercise – increase CO and circulation of oxy blood to the TISSUES not just the muscles This is increasing oxy blood level to tissue involved with activity including the brain – enhancing the energy to the brain

Answer 26

all well learned voluntary movements