Neural Induction Flashcards
Cell intrinsic factor?
proteins produced by cell that affect the cell
Key Principles of Neural Development
- Cell intrinsic vs extrinsic factors
- Molecular mechanisms of neural development are highly conserved across species
- Molecular and genetic techniques are commonly used
Examples of cell-intrinsic factors
transcription factors, signaling molecules, second messengers
Cell-extrinsic factor?
proteins from cell that affects neighboring cells
Examples of cell-extrinsic factors
growth factor, morphogens
Main steps of neural development
- Neural induction
- Neural patterning
- Neural specification
- Neuronal migration
- Axonal growth and guidance
- Neuronal survival
- Target innervation and synapse formation
Neural vs Neuronal
Neural refers to whole nervous system.
Neuronal refers to the neuron
What are the stages during early embryogenesis
- Cleavage stage
- Blastula-, gastrula- stage
- Neural stage
What do cells at the animal pole become?
ectoderm cells
What do cells at the vegetal pole become?
endoderm cells
Ectoderm develops into?
nervous system, epidermis, lens, cornea
Mesoderm develops into?
muscles, circulatory system, skeletal system, reproductive system
Endoderm develops into?
epithelia of digestive tract, respiratory system, urinary tract, liver, pancreas
What forms the dorsal lip
the bottle cells of the margin moving forward
What forms the neural plate
dorsal mesoderm cells derived from the dorsal lip of the blastopore
What is induction?
One region of embryo signals to neighboring regions and determines its development
Hans Spemann experiment
did transplantation experiments using newt embryos to show that neural ectoderm is determined in late gastrula not early gastrula
When is the neural plate induced?
late gastrula
Spemann and Mangold experiment
they translanted the dorsal blastopore lip and induced a second neural tube (two heads)
What is neuralation?
formation of the neural tube from the neural plate
What induces neurulation?
intrinsic and extrinsic forces
What do neural plate cells give rise to?
brain, spinal cord
What do cells at junction of neural plate and epidermis give rise to?
neural crest cells
What do dorsal mesoderm cells give rise to?
notochord, somite’s
