Neural Process

Question 1

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Answer 1

Neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contractions
Memory, learning, and motor movements
Associated with depression and Alzheimer’s

Question 2

Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

Answer 2

Block or prevent the chemical message from being passed along any further
Ex: GABA

Question 3

Reuptake/Resting potential

Answer 3

State of the neuron when not firing a neural impulse

Question 4

Action potential

Answer 4

Neural impulse
Brief electrical charge that travels down an axon

Question 5

All-or-none principle

Answer 5

The neuron fires or not (no in between)

Question 6

Neurons

Answer 6

Building blocks of the nervous system
3 types: sensory, motor, and interneurons
Made up of dendrites, axons, axon terminal, myelin sheath

Question 7

Axons

Answer 7

Transports messages to different muscles/glands in the body

Question 8

Glial cells

Answer 8

Cells in nervous system that aren’t neurons but that support, nourish, and protect neurons

Question 9

Soma

Answer 9

Region of neuron containing the nucleus

Question 10

Synapse

Answer 10

Junction between axon tip of sending neuron and dendrite (cell body) of receiving neuron
Meeting point between neurons

Question 11

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 11

division of automatic nervous system that arouses body, mobilizing energy in stressful situations

Question 12

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 12

division of automatic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy

Question 13

Dopamine

Answer 13

Motor movement, attention, pleasure and rewarding feelings
Schizophrenia and Parkinson’s
Cocaine, Meth, Heroin

Question 14

Epinephrine

Answer 14

Energy, attention, metabolism and fight/flight
ADD, HBP, hypertension, fatigue, lethargy, depression

Question 15

Adrenaline

Answer 15

Epinephrine

Question 16

GABA

Answer 16

Inhibitory neurotransmitter
Insomnia, no focus, hyperactivity
Alcohol

Question 17

Glutamate

Answer 17

Learning and memory
Excess: Alzheimer’s

Question 18

Endorphins

Answer 18

“morphine within”
Natural, opiate-like neurotransmitter linked to pain control and to pleasure
Natural painkiller
No pain and chronic pain

Question 19

Agonists

Answer 19

Drugs that trick neurotransmitter enough to send an electrical charge (for too little)
Excites by mimicking particular neurotransmitters or by blocking reuptake

Question 20

Antagonists

Answer 20

Drugs that block the function of a neurotransmitter (for too much)
blocks release or effect

Question 21

DNA

Answer 21

molecule that carries genetic information for development/functioning of an organism

Question 22

Genes

Answer 22

basic physical and functional unit of heredity

Question 23

Heritability

Answer 23

ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next

Question 24

Epigenetics

Answer 24

study of environmental influences on gene expression that will occur without a DNA change