Neural Tissues

Question 1

Central nervous system

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Information processing including reflexes and behaviour

Question 2

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

Sensory detection

Motor activation

Question 3

Afferent neurone

Answer 3

Transmit sensory information to brain/ spinal cord

Question 4

Efferent neurone

Answer 4

Motor neurones transmitting information from brain to effector organ

Question 5

Ganglion

Answer 5

Group of cell bodies outside CNS

Question 6

Broadmann areas of the neocortex

Answer 6

Regions of cortex are numbered 1-52

Boundaries determined by cellular architecture

Each has particular set of inputs and outputs

Question 7

Broadmann area 4

Answer 7

Primary motor cortex

Question 8

Broadmann area 17

Answer 8

Primary visual cortex

Question 9

CNS neurone

Answer 9

Nucleus within cell body and extends one or more processes

Question 10

Myelin

Answer 10

Wrapped around axon

Electrically insulates

Nodes of ranvier are gaps

Question 11

Classifications of neurones

Answer 11

Multipolar

Bipolar

Unipolar

Question 12

Important neurones

Answer 12

Pyramidal cell: neocortex

Purkinje cell: cerebellum

Dorsal root ganglion: sensory neurone

Question 13

Divergent

Answer 13

A single neurone sends its output signal to many neurones

e.g. skin

Question 14

Convergent

Answer 14

Multiple inputs influence a single neurone

e.g. retina

Question 15

Interneurones

Answer 15

Only occur in CNS

Neither motor not sensory

Question 16

Glia

Answer 16

Have no action potentials

Able to divide

Do not form synapses

Form the myelin sheathes

Many more glia than neurones

Question 17

Oligodendrocyte

Answer 17

Production/ maintenance of myelin sheath in CNS

One oligodendrocyte myelinates multiple axons

Question 18

Astrocyte

Answer 18

Supports neurones

• assists neuronal development/ growth
• protects neurones from harmful substances

Control vasodilation of local blood vessels

Question 19

Microglia

Answer 19

Immune cells

Protect neurones from disease

Migrate to injury sites

Engulf microbes/ debris

Mesodermal origin

Develop from monocytes

Question 20

Ependymal cells

Answer 20

Line brains ventricles and central canal of spinal cord

Form CSF

Question 21

Schwann cells

Answer 21

Production/ maintenance of myelin sheath

PNS regeneration

1 axon wrapped per Schwann cell

Question 22

Satellite cells

Answer 22

Support neurones

Regulate exchange of materials between neurones and interstitial fluid

Question 23

CNS glia

Answer 23

Astrocyte

Oligodendrocyte

Ependymal cell

Microglial cell

Question 24

PNS glia

Answer 24

Schwann cell

Satellite cell

Question 25

Glioma

Answer 25

Largest group of primary tumours derived from glial cells Usually highly malignant Grow rapidly Difficult to remove completely with surgery Usually inside cranium

Question 26

Neuroblastoma

Answer 26

Tumour (cancer) Most common in children and infants Outside cranium Derived from neural crest cells from SNS Often increased catecholamine levels Survival rates vary Initial prognosis typically good