Neuro

Question 1

Bicoronal or bi lambdoid synostosis: Flatting of both frontal regions

Answer 1

Brachycephaly

Question 2

External capsule disease location is characteristic for

Answer 2

CADASIL and rarely seen with the more common arteriolosclerosis

Question 3

Diffuse WM disease with assoc lacunar infarcts. WM dx is more prevalent at ant temporal lobes and characteristically involves the external capsule

Answer 3

CADASIL

Question 4

asymmetric premature closure of the coronal and/or lambdoid suture.

Answer 4

Plagiocephaly

Question 5

What is sagittal synostosis?

Answer 5

Scaphocephaly

Question 6

Sagittal, coronal, and lambdoid synostosis.

Answer 6

Turricephaly

Ni para alfrente ni para atras ni para el lado

Question 7

Methanol toxicity and cyanide poisoning affect the:

Answer 7

putamen

Question 8

TB OM from lungs to spine is MC spread through the

Answer 8

lymphatics (spares the disc)

Question 9

Diff dx for TB OM of the spine

Answer 9

Fungal OM and Brucellar spondylitis

Question 10

The Spetzler-Martin scale uses a point system to classify AVM grade based on

Answer 10

1. size
2. eloquent tissue of adjacent brain
3. deep venous drainage

Question 11

Choanal atresia has a (F/M) predilection and is most commonly (membranous, osseous)?

Answer 11

F, osseous (90%)

Question 12

Facial angiofibromas are a feature of

Answer 12

TS

Question 13

Cafe au lait

Answer 13

MC assoc w.

• smooth borders (coast of Cali) NF1
• rough boarders (coast of Maine): McCune Albright

Question 14

What separates L2 from L3 cervical nodes

Answer 14

Hyoid bone

Question 15

What separates L3 from L4 cervical nodes

Answer 15

Inferior margin of CC

Question 16

What separates L3 & L4 from L5 cervical nodes

Answer 16

Post margin of the SCM

Question 17

What separates the level 1B and 2A nodal basins?

Answer 17

Post margin of SM gland (stylohyoid muscle)

Question 18

What structures are present within the parotid space?

Answer 18

external carotid artery, retromandibular vein, and facial nerve traverse the parotid space

Question 19

Intraparenchymal hematoma centered in the basal ganglia will be secondary to__________ until proven otherwise.

Answer 19

hypertension

Question 20

Dot sign is indicative of

Answer 20

Hyperdense thrombus

Question 21

Spot sign is indicative of

Answer 21

contrast extrav in the setting of active bleeding

Question 22

Tumor with key findings of bubbly appearance and lack of mass effect

Answer 22

DNET

Question 23

Two intra-axial Masses w assoc. local bony remodeling

Answer 23

DNET & Ganglioglioma

Question 24

cortically based tumors

Answer 24

PDOG

1. PXA
2. DNET
3. Oligodendroglioma
4. Ganglioglioma

Question 25

Currarino triad

Answer 25

1. Anorectal anomalies (MC anorectal stenosis) 2. Caudal regression (Anorectal stenosis most commonly) 3. Pre-sarcral mass (anterior sacral meningocele, teratoma, or dermoid/epidermoid cyst)

Question 26

Gorlin syndrome (Basal cell nevus syndrome) major criteria

Answer 26

- Basal cell carcinoma - Odontogenic cysts - Rib anomalies - Calcifications of the falx cerebri

Question 27

Germinomas commonly metastasize to ____

Answer 27

CSF. So the entire neuroaxis will need to be imaged.

Question 28

Prostate cancer metastases are more common in the

Answer 28

posterior fossa

Question 29

The _____ pterygoids are not contained within the masticator space

Answer 29

medial

Question 30

What laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma location is associated with the best prognosis?

Answer 30

Glottic

Question 31

The multiple benign tumors of TS are:

Answer 31

1. cortical or subependymal tubers 2. renal angiomyolipomas 3. cardiac rhabdomyomas

Question 32

Concomitant tumors in both the pineal + suprasellar location are most compatible with a

Answer 32

Germinoma

Question 33

Bilateral optic pathway pilocytic astrocytomas

Answer 33

NF1

Question 34

NF2

Answer 34

MISME Schwanoma meningioma ependymoma

Question 35

Layers of skull coverings and beneath

Answer 35

``` Skin Aponeurosis (Galeal) Periosteum Bone Dura matter Arachnoid Pia ```

Question 36

metopic suture synostosis

Answer 36

Trigonocephaly

Question 37

signal changes in the medial thalami, dorsal medulla, and mammillary bodies, and periaqueductal gray matter

Answer 37

Thiamine (B1) Defficiency

Question 38

What part of a hemangioblastoma is typically resected?

Answer 38

solid nodule (not the cyst)

Question 39

Approximately how many hemangioblastomas are sporadic?

Answer 39

2/3

Question 40

the most common conus medullaris/filum terminale malignancy in adults with a more common presentation in younger adults (30s)

Answer 40

Myxopapillary ependymoma

Question 41

Ankylosing spondylitis is commonly associated with elevated

Answer 41

CRP

Question 42

Facet joint septic arthritis is most commonly caused by

Answer 42

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 43

DAI grades

Answer 43

1 GWM 2 CC 3 BS

Question 44

The carotid bifurcation occurs at the ____ level with the ICA oriented ___ and the ECA oriented ____.

Answer 44

C3/4 Level, post, ant

Question 45

Cavernous Sinus constiutents

Answer 45

CA | 3,4,51,52 & 6.

Question 46

MC TORCH infxn

Answer 46

CMV - Targets the germinal Matrix - periV calcifications

Question 47

What TORCH infxn has the highest assoc w polymicrogyria

Answer 47

CMV

Question 48

2nd MC TORCH infxn

Answer 48

Toxo | - Random Calc pattern

Question 49

Marker for cell membrane turnover

Answer 49

Choline

Question 50

Marker for Meningioma

Answer 50

Alanine

Question 51

Marker for high grade tumor

Answer 51

Lactate | will go up as a high-grade tumor outgrows the blood supply

Question 52

Marker for tumor necrosis

Answer 52

Lipid

Question 53

Morel-Lavallee lesion? | mechanism?

Answer 53

- Degloving injuries occurring from severe trauma - The skin and subcutaneous tissue abruptly separate creating a potential space superficial to the fascia. - Prone to infxn

Question 54

Spectroscopy for tumefactive demyelination

Answer 54

decreased NAA/Cr ratio (reduced NAA within plaques) and an increased Cho/Cr ratio

Question 55

Enhancement corresponds to

Answer 55

BBB breakdown

Question 56

MC post fossa mass in adults and the elderly

Answer 56

Metastasis | NOT hemangioblastoma: that is the MC PRIMARY mass

Question 57

Classic imaging features of Ependymoma

Answer 57

apical cap and partially cystic. | Ependymomas tend to be multisegmental (typically 3-4 segments), well circumscribed, and with symmetric cord expansion.

Question 58

MC salivary gland tumor

Answer 58

Pleomorphic Adenoma (BMT) - MC at superficial parotid lobe - small malignant potential -> surgical excision - T2 bright w low rim.

Question 59

Carotid space contents

Answer 59

carotid artery, jugular vein, cranial nerves 9-11, and lymph nodes

Question 60

Shiny corner sign with "Romanus lesions"

Answer 60

Ank Spon

Question 61

IAC lipoma

Answer 61

High T1, non seen on Fat sat

Question 62

Where do you see the cingulate island sign (hypometabolism in the precuneus with relatively spared metabolism in posterior cingulate).

Answer 62

PET for Parkingsons

Question 63

Cervical ligament that limits rotation and lateral flexion

Answer 63

alar ligament

Question 64

avulsion fx of the medial occipital condyle. What ligament?

Answer 64

alar

Question 65

Which cervical ligament limits rotation and lateral flexion?

Answer 65

alar

Question 66

The most common cause of brain injury after SAH:

Answer 66

Vasospasm

Question 67

What is gay name of the bony scaffolding separating the individual turns?

Answer 67

modiolus

Question 68

Tx of choice for branchial cleft cyst

Answer 68

sx

Question 69

MRI pic??

Answer 69

orbital cavernous hemangioma MRI

Question 70

Short stature and T1 bright spot at infundibulum

Answer 70

Ectopic pituitary

Question 71

Door time to needle time (DNT) for stroke (tx with tPA)?

Answer 71

60min

Question 72

Door to imaging time (DIT) for stroke?

Answer 72

20 min - at UMC | Guidelines say 25 min

Question 73

Door to CT scan read time at UMC?

Answer 73

< 45 min.