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Passmed Flashcards > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common complication following meningitis?

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

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2
Q

What medications should people be sent home on after an ischaemic stroke?

A

Clopidogrel 75mg (plus statin if cholesterol is high)

Aspirin 300mg for first 14 days and then switch to clopidogrel

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3
Q

What is prophylaxis for cluster headaches

A

Verapamil

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4
Q

How long do cluster headaches last for

A

15 mins - 2 hours

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5
Q

What is the treatment of bells palsy

A
  1. Prednisolone within 72 hours of onset

2. Eye care (prescription artificial tears and eye lubricants)

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6
Q

What is the best assessment tool for differentiating between stroke and stroke mimics?

A

ROSIER

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7
Q

How does 3rd nerve palsy present?

A

ptosis, down & out deviation of the eye, and a dilated pupil known as mydriasis

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8
Q

What should you do if Bells palsy hasnt cleared after 3 weeks of treatment

A

Urgent referral to ENT

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9
Q

What is the most common form of MND?

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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10
Q

What is the most likely operation to be done in subdural bleeds?

A

Burr hole evacuation

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11
Q

What are 1st line for spasticity in MS?

A

Baclofen and gabapentin

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12
Q

What is Lambert-Eaton Syndrome?

A

A paraneoplastic myasthenia syndrome most commonly associated with small cell lung cancer

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13
Q

What are the features of Lambert-Eaton syndrome

A 
PMH of lung cancer (small cell)
Autonomic symptoms 
Waddling gait
Hyporeflexia
IMPROVES WITH EXERCISE
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14
Q

When is carotid endartectomy considered?

A

Patient who has had a TIA with CA stenosis of 70%+

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15
Q

Following a single TIA or stroke, what is the advice on driving?

A

They can start driving if symptom free for 1 month - no need to tell the DVLA

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16
Q

For patients after their first seizure, what is the advice on driving?

A

Must inform the dvla AND not drive for 6 months if brain scan/EEG is normal. If abnormal, 12 months.

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17
Q

What is the advice on driving if somebody has had multiple TIAs over a short time period?

A

Must inform the DVLA and take 3 months off driving

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18
Q

What is the advice on driving with patients with established epilepsy?

A

Must inform DVLA - may qualify for driving license if seizure free for 12 months.

If withdrawing fro medication, should not drive during or 6 months after the last dose.

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19
Q

Why should you always replace vitamin B12 before folate?

A

It can cause subacute combined degeneration of the cord

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20
Q

What is 1st line in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson’s who have motor symptoms affecting their quality of life?

A

Levodopa

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21
Q

What is the cushings reflex?

A

A physiological nervous system response to raised ICP that is a triad of:
Bradycardia
Hypertension
Wide pulse pressure

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22
Q

What is the imaging of choice to confirm MS diagnosis?

A

MRI with contrast

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23
Q

What is usually spared in MND?

A

Eye movements

24
Q

What is 1st line secondary prevention in ischaemic stroke and TIA?

A

Clopidogrel

25
Q

For seizures in the community, what should be given?

A

10-20mg rectal diazepam

26
Q

How is carotid artery stenosis diagnosed?

A

Duplex ultrasound

27
Q

What medication is most likely to cause personality changes in Parkinson’s?

A

Dopamine receptor agonists e.g. Ropinirole

28
Q

What are the most common triggers of autonomic dysreflexia?

A

Faecal impaction/Urinary retention

29
Q

What is the management of Ischaemic stroke?

A

Thrombolysis within 4.5hrs and thrombectomy within 6 hrs

30
Q

In trauma, how do you test if the fluid draining from the nose or ear is CSF?

A

Check for glucose as it is not present in mucus

31
Q

What is the mechanism of pyridostigmine?

A

Long acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

32
Q

What is the gold standard test for degenerative cervical myelopathy?

A

MRI cervical spine

33
Q

How does an extradural haemorrhage appear on imaging?

A

Biconvex

34
Q

What are the risk factors for cluster headaches?

A

Being male (3x)
Smoking
Alcohol
Nocturnal sleep

35
Q

What should a GP do if they see somebody within 7 days of TIA?

A

300mg aspirin and specialist review within 24hrs

36
Q

Which lobe is wernicke’s area in?

A

Temporal lobe (near the ear)

37
Q

What lobe is Broca’s area in?

A

Frontal lobe (near the mouth)

38
Q

What is Stevens-Johnson syndrome?

A

A severe systemic reaction affecting the skin and mucosa - drug reaction

39
Q

How do you treat Stevens-johnson syndrome?

A

Hospital admission for supportive treatment and stop causative drug

40
Q

What is used to treat neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A

Bromocriptine

41
Q

What is the treatment for myasthenia crisis?

A

Plasmapheresis and Iv IgG

42
Q

What is 1st line in treating essential tremor?

A

Propanolol

43
Q

What innervates the palmar lateral 3 fingers?

A

Median nerve

44
Q

What innervates the palmar ring and little finger

A

ulnar nerve

45
Q

What would you expect to see in CSF in MS?

A

Oligoclonal bands

45
Q

What would you expect to see in CSF in MS?

A

Oligoclonal bands

46
Q

What is used to treat cerebral oedema in patients with brain tumours?

A

Dexamathasone

47
Q

What antibodies are seen in Lambert-Eaton syndrome?

A

Antibodies to voltage-gated calcium channels

48
Q

What are 1st line treatments for neuropathic pain?

A

Gabapentin, Pregabalin, Amitriptyline and Duloxetine

49
Q

What kind of bleed is more likely in a trauma young patient?

A

Extradural haemorrhage - biconvex haemotoma

50
Q

What does gradual onset headache with decreasing cognition in an older patient suggest?

A

Subdural haemotoma

51
Q

What nerve is likely to be injured on a mid humeral fracture?

A

Radial nerve (wrist drop)

52
Q

What is the most common cause of encephalitis?

A

Herpes simplex virus

53
Q

What is Todd’s paresis?

A

Weakness following a seizure that wears off within 24 hours

54
Q

In suspected myasthenia gravis, if serum ACh receptor antibodies are negative/normal, what else should be measured?

A

Anti-muscle-specific tyrosine kinase

55
Q

What does movement disorder + atrophy of the caudate nucleus and putamen and generalised atrophy suggest?

A

Huntingtons disease

Passmed Flashcards (10 decks)

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