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Health Assessment Final > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

4 lobes of the brain

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal
  4. Occipital
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2
Q

Brain stem functions

A
  • breathing, BP, HR, swallowing, reflexes, hearing, startle response, sweating, digestion, temperature
  • level of alertness, sleep, and balance
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3
Q

Cerebellum

A

regulates coordination of movement, posture, and balance

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4
Q

Parietal Lobe

A 
sensations
language 
perception
body awareness 
attention
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5
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

perception

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6
Q

cerebellum

A

posture
balance
coordination of movement

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7
Q

temporal lobe

A

hearing
language
memory

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8
Q

Wernickes Area

A

in temporal lobe

- language comprehension

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9
Q

Brocas Area

A

in the frontal lobe

- speech control

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10
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

movement
problem solving
concentrating, thinking
behavior, personality, mood

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11
Q

sensory area

A

in the parietal lobe

  • skin sensations
  • temp, pressure, pain
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12
Q

motor area

A

in the front lobe

- control of voluntary muscles

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13
Q

White matter =

A

Neuronal axons coated with myelin, rapid transmission of impulses (inbetween)

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14
Q

Grey matter =

A

neuronal cell bodies that rim the surface of cerebral hemisphere forming the cerebral cortex

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15
Q

4 principal parts of the brain

A
  1. cerebrum
  2. diencephalon
  3. cerebellum
  4. brainstem
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16
Q

Diencephalon

A

connects the brainstem to the cerebrum

  • hypothalamus
  • thalamus
  • posterior pituitary
  • pineal gland
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17
Q

hypothalamus

A

links the nervous and endocrine system

  • 4 Fs = feeding, fighting, fleeing, fooling around
  • hormones to maintain homeostasis, temp BP and respiration control
  • controls hunger, thirst, sleep and wake cycles
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18
Q

Thalamus

A

Made of grey matter, receives all sensory input (not smell) to integrate visual, auditory, and taste senses

  • sends info to the cerebrum
  • higher mental functions like memory
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19
Q

Pineal Gland

A

secretes melatonin
maintains sleep wake cycle
5-8mm

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20
Q

Brainstem 3 parts

A
  1. midbrain
  2. pons
  3. medulla oblongata
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21
Q

midbrain

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A

Origin on CN 3 and 4

Eye movement, auditory and visual processing

22
Q

Pons

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A

Origin for CN 5-8
Involuntary bodily functions
Sleep and consciousness cycle

23
Q

Medulla Oblongata

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A

Point of origin CN 9-12

Controls vital functions - HR/breathing/BP/swallowing/vomiting

24
Q

Spinal Cord

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A
  • extends from the brainstem to L1-L2

- Lumbar Punctures @ L3-L5

25
Spinal Cord and nerves
31 spinal nerves - 8 cervical - 12 thoracic - 5 lumbar - 5 sacral - 1 coccygeal
26
functions of the spinal cord
sends sensory info to the brain, receives motor input from the brain, and carries out reflexes
27
left cerebral cortex
sensory from the right side and controls the right side of the body
28
right cerebral cortex
sensory from the left and controls motor of the left
29
Afferent Sensory Pathways
- Spinothalamic tract | - Sensory crosses over and arrives to the sensory cortex of the parietal lobe
30
Efferent Motor Pathways
- Corticospinal tract from the cerebral cortex and travel DOWN - @ medulla, they cross over and contain motor fibers (PYRAMIDS) - In the pyramid voluntary control - Outside the pyramind - involuntary
31
Cranial Nerves
"On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny Very Good Vehicle Any How" 1. olfactory 2. optic 3. oculomotor 4. trochlear 5. trigeminal 6. abducens 7. facial 8. vestibulocochlear 9. glossopharyngeal 10. vagus 11. accessory 12. hypoglossal
32
Cranial Nerves - Sensory vs. Motor
"Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more" ``` 1 Olfactory, sensory 2 Optic, sensory 3 Oculomotor, motor (opening eye) 4 Trochlear, motor 5 Trigeminal - both 6 Adducens, motor 7 Facial - both Motor = stick out tongue, smile, close eyes Sensory = tongue 8 Vestibulocochlear, sensory 9 Glossopharyngeal - both Swallowing gag reflex 10 vagus - both Digestion 11 accessory, motor 12 hypoglossal, motor ```
33
Upper Motor Neurons
Tone and control | Lesion ---> spasticity, + Babinski, hypertonic
34
Lower Motor Neurons
Peripheral | Lesion ---> flaccid, hypotonnic, hyporeflexive, atrophy, - babinski
35
Dermatones
A dermatome is an area of skin in which sensory nerves derive from a single spinal nerve root  Symptoms that follow a dermatome (e.g. like pain or a rash) may indicate a pathology that involves the related nerve root..
36
Reflexes
- Possible by neural pathways = reflex arcs which act on an impulse - Does not go to the brain - Hyperreflexia = lesion in UPPER
37
Triceps reflex location tests?
= C7 C8
38
Bicep and brachioradialis location
C5 C6
39
Patellar reflex location
L2 L3 L4
40
Achilles reflex tests?
S1
41
Changes in older adults
- decreased agility leads to falls - lower ability for ADLS - hearing and vision loss, anosmia (loss of smell) - tremors (increased by anxiety, decreased by ETOH) - fecal/urinary incontinence - TIAs = transient neuro deficits
42
MOCA
used for detecting mild cognitive impairments
43
DTR grading
``` 0 = no response, absent 1+ = somewhat diminished, low normal 2+ = average, normal 3+ = brisker, slightly hyperreflexic 4+ = very brisk, hyperactive with clonus ```
44
Romberg Test
stand with eyes closed for 20 sec, + = imbalance
45
tests for appendicular ataxia
finger to nose, heel to shin, rapid alternating movements
46
testing for truncal ataxia
stance and gait
47
Babinski
stroking the bottom of the foot, toes should fan downward | UP = BAD
48
Stroke warning signs
FAST | face drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulty, time
49
primary prevention of stroke
HTN, smoking, hyperlipidemia, DM, obsese, poor diet/nutrition, physical activity, alcohol
50
disease specific risk factors for stroke
Afib carotid artery disease OSA
51
Multiple Sclerosis changes ?
- With MS white matter becomes sclerotic. 1st sign is vision changes

Health Assessment Final (5 decks)

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