Neuro

Question 1

Stroke/TIA Risk factors

Answer 1

Afib, HTN, ischemic heart dz, HLD, prosthetic heart valves, carotid stenosis
Poor ventricular fxn
DM, Migraine w/ aura, Estrogen
Hypercoagulable (sickle, polycythemia)

Prev/family (1st degree) hx
Smoking
ETOH

Question 2

MMSE ABnormal score

Answer 2

less than 24

Question 3

Biceps reflex

Answer 3

C5, C6

Question 4

Triceps

Answer 4

C6, 7

Question 5

Brachioradialis

Answer 5

C5,6

Question 6

Achilles

Answer 6

S1

Question 7

Patellar

Answer 7

L2, L3, L4

Question 8

Rapid Alternating Movements

Answer 8

dysdiadochokinesis

Cerebellar dz, basal ganglia, upper motor neuron

Question 9

Point to Point

Answer 9

Cerebellar or vestibular

Question 10

Romberg

Answer 10

dorsal columns of spinal cord

Question 11

Pronator drift

Answer 11

Upper motor neuron lesion

Worse: closing eyes, tapping palm

Question 12

Which tract for pain?

Answer 12

spinothalamic

Question 13

Dorsal

Answer 13

sensory

Question 14

Ventral

Answer 14

motor

Question 15

Internal ionizing radiation:

Answer 15

PET, SPECT

Question 16

External ionizing radiation

Answer 16

CT, XR, angiogram

Question 17

MRI view better for blood?

Answer 17

T2

Question 18

MRI view for early ischemic changes

Answer 18

DWI

Question 19

MRI view for neuronal damage

Answer 19

1H MRS

Question 20

First brain CT

Answer 20

1971

Question 21

Axial/transverse

Answer 21

Downwards

Question 22

Sagittal

Answer 22

midline/adjacent (hotdog)

Question 23

Coronal

Answer 23

“hamburger”

Question 24

Contrast?

Answer 24

usually start non-contrast for CT

Question 25

Brain conditions where MRI is first line (over CT)

Answer 25

``` Seizures Dementia Chiari Mass Aneurysm Infection Cranial neuropathy Pituitary ```

Question 26

"lenticular" bleed

Answer 26

epidural

Question 27

Nobel prize in medicine for MRI

Answer 27

Damadian Lauterber Mansfield Became medical in 1970s (73?)

Question 28

MRI Mechanism

Answer 28

Aligns/spins protons (H)

Question 29

Colors on T1/2 MRI

Answer 29

T1 csf dark, blood bright T2 csf / inflammationbright, Both: bright fat, dark rapid fluid

Question 30

CSF lumbar puncture

Answer 30

bacterial: high PMNs, low glucose, very high protein viral: highish lymphs, normal glucose, elevated protein

Question 31

Normal CSF:

Answer 31

Glucose 40-70 Opening pressure 8-15 Protein less than 40 Cells less than 5

Question 32

EMG, NCV, SEEP

Answer 32

EMG: small needles (electrodes) inserted into skin NCV: can also measure sensory SEEP: electrical activity in the brain in response to sight, sound, touch

Question 33

Inability to perform rapidly alternating movements

Answer 33

Dysdiadokinesia

Question 34

Ataxia

Answer 34

Affecting co-ordination, balance, speech

Question 35

Normal Cardiac Pressure

Answer 35

CVP/JVP: 0-7 | Pulm Art: 12-25