Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NSC 332 Exam 2 > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

(91 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Neuro-System Health History

A

-Any changes in your ability to move around or ADLS?
-Any history of head or spinal cord injury?
-History of stroke?
-Medications
-Family history of neurological problems?
-Social history? Alcohol use?
-Previous neurological surgeries/procedures
-Proprioception chages?: Awareness of the body’s position and movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Problem-Based History
Types of complaints

A

-Headache
-Seizure
-Altered LOC (level of consciousness)
-Change in mobility
-Change in sensation
-Dysphagia: difficulty swallowing
-Red flag “worst headache of my life” - Emergency get CT scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Health Promotion

A

-Stroke prevention: Smoking
-TBI prevention: Helmets, safe driving, seatbelts
-Meningitis prevention: Vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Neurological Anatomy

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anatomy Review - Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

-Brain
-Cerebrum
-Brainstem
-Cerebellum Spinal Cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

-Cranial Nerves: 12 pairs
-Spinal Nerves: 31 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

-Sympathetic Nervous System
Speed up, fight or flight
-Parasympathetic Nervous System
Slow down, breed and feed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the brain’s 3 major intracranial components?

A

Cerebrum, Brainstem, Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cerebrum

A

Right, and left cerebral hemispheres. If the stroke is on the right side, the left side of the brain is affected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Brainstem

A

Connects brain to spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cerebellum

A

Muscle movement, posture, equilibrium, and muscle tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dermatone Map

A

The map that indicates where spinal nerves innervate regions of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Neurological Physiology

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 main functions

A

Sensory input
Integration of data
Motor output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neurological Physical Assessment

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Elements of Neurological Exam

A

-Mental status: mood, affect, LOC, A&O
-Cranial nerves
-Motor
-Sensory
-Reflexes
-Gait, balance, and coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cranial Nerve 1

A

Olfactory (S)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cranial Nerve 2

A

Optic (S)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cranial Nerve 3

A

Oculomotor (M)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cranial Nerve 4

A

Trochlear (M)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cranial Nerve 5

A

Trigeminal (B)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cranial Nerve 6

A

Abducens (M)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cranial Nerve 7

A

Facial (B)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cranial Nerve 8

A

Acoustic (S)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Cranial Nerve 9
Glossopharyngeal (B)
26
Cranial Nerve 10
Vagus (B)
27
Cranial Nerve 11
Spinal accessory (M)
28
Cranial Nerve 12
Hypoglossal (M)
29
Neurologic Assessment - Cranial Nerves
-Start with the patient seated and assess
30
Motor
Makes something move
31
Sensory
Perceives a sense
32
Parasympathetic
Response
33
CN I
-Olfactory -Sensory Function: Smell Occlude nostril one at a time and sniff
34
CN II
-Optic -Sensory Function: Visual activity (Snellen chart), and visual fields
35
CN III
-Oculomotor -Motor Function: Eye-opening (raising lid) Extraocular Movements (H-Test) -Parasympathetic: Pupillary constriction (PERLL, convergence, and accomodation)
36
CN IV
-Trochlear -Motor Function: Downward, inner eye movements (EOM's)
37
CN V
-Trigeminal -Motor Functions: temporal and masseter muscles -Sensory Functions: facial (ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular), sharp and dull test -Parasympathetic: saliva and tears
38
CN VI
-Abducens -Motor Function: Lateral eye movement (EOM's) Also called 6 cardinal fields of gaze
39
CN VII
-Facial -Motor Function: facial movement (ask the patient to smile, frown, puff cheeks) -Sensory Function: Taste anterior 2/3 tongue -Parasympathetic: Saliva and tears
40
CN VIII
-Acoustic -Sensory Function: Hearing Balance & Hearing: To check hearing perform Whisper Test. If abnormal, the goal is to distinguish the type of hearing loss using Weber and Rhinne testing Rhinne: strike tunning fork, place on mastoid bone. Time until no longer heard. Move fork next to ear, time. Normal= AC > BC Weber: strike tunning fork, place in center of head. Can they hear it equally in both ears? Normal= Heard equal in both ears
41
CN IX
-Glossopharyngeal -Motor Function: Swallowing. Say "ah" also swallowing, both cause the soft palate rises to block nasal passages -Sensory Function: Gag reflex -Parasympathetic: Salivary glands
42
CN X
-Vagus -Motor Function: Say "ah" -Sensory Function: Gag reflex -Parasympathetic: Heart, lung, and GI "vagal down" Vasovagal response
43
CN XI
-Spinal Accessory -Motor Function: Sternomastoid (SCM) and Trapezius
44
CN XII
-Hypoglossal -Motor Function: Tongue Movement
45
Motor
Observe and test muscle bulk, strength, and tone
46
0- Zero
No muscle contractoin is seen
47
1- Trace
Flicker or trace of contraction is seen
48
2- Poor
Active movement only with gravity eliminated
49
3- Fair
Active movement against gravity but no resistance
50
4- Good
Active movement against gravity with some resistance
51
5- Normal
Active movement against gravity with full resistance
52
Sensory- Tests that are done to make sure we can "feel" sensation
-Light touch -Sharp v Dull -Vibratory
53
Proprioception
Romberg test
54
Stereognosis
tests the individual's ability to perceive and integrate a variety of sensory modalities and to interpret the stimuli to identify small objects placed in the hand
55
Two Point Discrimination
The ability to discern that two nearby objects touching the skin are truly two distinct points, not one
56
Graphesthesia
The ability to recognize symbols when they're traced on the skin
57
Reflexes
The contraction of a muscle when a tendon is percussed
58
Tricep
hold arm, strike above elbow
59
Bicep
thumb on tendon, hold arm, strike your thumb with pointed end
60
Brachioradialis
hold arm strike 2 inches above wrist, either side of hammer
61
Patellar
sit, relax leg, strike below patella
62
Achilles
Knee 90 deg, dorsiflex foot, tap with flat end behind ankle, feel for "tap" of foot
63
Babinski
end of hammer, stroke lateral side of foot, toes dorsiflex adult
64
Deep Tendon Reflexes
-Issues with this are usually related to the spinal cord -Asses with patient seated using a reflex hammer -Pt may need a distraction -Response to stimulation of tendon that communicates with the spinal cord (Peripheral Nervous System)
65
Deep Tendon Reflexes - Neurological Assessment Scoring DTR
0= no response 1+ = sluggish or diminished 2+ = active or expected response 3+ = slightly hyperactive 4+ = brisk; hyperactive
66
Triceps Reflex
Cervical 6, 7
67
Biceps Reflex
Cervical 5, 6
68
Brachioradialis
Cervical 5, 6
69
Patellar Reflex
Cervical 2, 3, 4
70
Achilles Reflex
Sacral 1
71
Reflexes - Pediatric
72
Moro Reflex
-startle -Birth to 1-4 months
73
Palmar Grasp
Birth to 3-4 months
74
Rooting Reflex
75
Tonic Neck
Birth to 6 weeks up to 4-6 months
76
Babinski Reflex
- Toes flare (opposite than adults) -Birth-18 months
77
Step Reflex
Birth-3 months
78
Motor and Cerebellar Function
79
Motor Function
- Gait: Heel to toes walking and tandem walking -Balance and Cerebellar Function: Cerebellum - coordination, balance, equilibrium, posture -Muscle strength and Tone
80
Gait, Balance and Coordination
Multiple systems working together - Heel strike, and tandem walking
81
Balance
-Rhomberg Test: stand feet together, arms to side, eyes open then close, then open = observes -Positive Rhomberg: foot moved with eyes open and closed to keep balance. Suggests a cerebellar or vestibular issue -Negative Rhomberg: no movement, sway, or fall
82
Rhomberg
Assesses balance -Vestibular, proprioception, and cerebellar function -Vision: eyes open first, close eyes, 30 seconds, provide support
83
Coordination - Cerebellar Testing
-Finger to nose -Heel to shin -Rapid alternating movements -Gait
84
Sensory Function
85
Sensory Function- Peripheral Nerve Assessment
-Pain -Temperature -Light sensation -Vibration: 1st lost in peripheral neuropathy
86
Additional Neuro Tests
-Stereognosis: Tactile recognition -Two point discrimination: distinguish two points of stimuli
87
Common Neurological Disorders
88
Meningitis
Inflammation of the meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord -Headache -Fever -Malaise -Nuchal rigidity: very stiff neck -Decreased LOC
89
Parkinson's Disease
Chronic and Progressive: movement disorder resulting in decreased dopamine in the brain -Resting tremors -Bradykinesia: slow movement -Rigidity -Shuffling gait -Finger pill rolling
90
Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA)
-Stroke (CVA): Mental status changes Impaired orientation Inability to follow commands Slurred speech Weakness Numbness -Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)- mimics a stroke Symptoms lasting less than an hour No neurological impairment
91
Signs and Symptoms that could represent neurological issues
-Change in sensation Numbness or tingling Possibly chronic disease -Dysphagia: difficulty swallowing -Speech or communication: Aphasia Receptive- Wernicke's area Expressive- Broca's area

NSC 332 Exam 2 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions