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Neuro Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of astrocytes?
A. Metabolic support to neurons
B. CSF production
C. Phagocytosis
D. Increase neuronal conduction velocity

A

A - metabolic support to neurons

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2
Q

What is the function of Ependymal cells?
A. Metabolic support to neurons
B. CSF production
C. Phagocytosis
D. Increase neuronal conduction velocity

A

B - CSF production

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3
Q

What is the function of Microglia?
A. Metabolic support to neurons
B. CSF production
C. Phagocytosis
D. Increase neuronal conduction velocity

A

C - Phagocytosis

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4
Q

What is the function of Oligodendrocytes?
A. Metabolic support to neurons
B. CSF production
C. Phagocytosis
D. Increase neuronal conduction velocity

A

D - increase neuronal conduction velocity

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5
Q

What forms the myelin sheath in peripheral nerves?

A

Schwann cells

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6
Q

The ____ is the functional unit of the nervous system

A

neuron

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7
Q

What forms grey matter?

A

Cell bodies and nonmyelinated axons

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8
Q

What forms white matter?

A

Myelinated axons

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9
Q

A collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS is called a _____.

A

nucelus

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10
Q

What do glial cells do?

A

Support neuronal function

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11
Q

Name 4 glial cells.

A

Astrocytes, ependymal cells. oligodendrocytes, microglia

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12
Q

Where do most brain tumors arise from?

A

Glial cells

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13
Q

The ____ of neurons form the grey matter.

A

cell body

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14
Q

The ____ of neurons form the white matter.

A

axons

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the dendrite of a neuron?

A

receives and processes signal

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16
Q

What does the axon do?

A

Sends signals

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17
Q

What does the presynaptic terminal of neurons do?

A

Releases NT

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18
Q

What does the soma of neurons do?

A

Integrates signal and cellular machinery

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19
Q

What are the 3 types of neurons found in the CNS?

A
  1. multipolar
  2. pseudounipolar
  3. bipolar
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20
Q

Where are bipolar neurons located?

A

Retina and ear

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21
Q

Where are pseudounipolar neurons located?

A

DRG and cranial ganglion

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22
Q

Most of the CNS neurons are _____ neurons.

A

multipolar

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23
Q

What is known as nerve glue?

A

Glial cells

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24
Q

What is the most abundant type of glial cell?

A

Astrocytes

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25
Which type of glial cell repairs neurons after neuronal injury?
Astrocytes
26
What type of glial cell regulates metabolic environment?
Astrocytes
27
_____ cells are concentrated in the roof of the 3rd and 4th ventricles and spinal canal.
Ependymal
28
What forms the choroid plexus?
Ependymal cells
29
What produces CSF?
The choroid plexus
30
What forms the myelin sheath in the CNS?
Oliogdendrocytes
31
What glial cell acts as macrophages and phagocytizes neuronal debris?
Microglia
32
What is the function of the occipital lobe? A. Motor cortex B. Vision C. Sensation D. Audition
B - vision
33
What is the function of the Frontal lobe? A. Motor cortex B. Vision C. Sensation D. Audition
A - motor cortex
34
What is the function of the parietal lobe? A. Motor cortex B. Vision C. Sensation D. Audition
C- sensation
35
What is the function of the temporal lobe? A. Motor cortex B. Vision C. Sensation D. Audition
D - audition
36
The brain can be divided into 4 areas: 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. ______________
1. cerebral hemispheres 2. diencephalon 3. brainstem 4. cerebellum
37
Each ______ is divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal.
cerebral hemisphere
38
What contains the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and basal ganglia?
the cerebral hemispheres
39
The _____ contains the thalamus and hypothalamus.
Diencephalon
40
The _____ contains the midbrain, pons, medulla, and reticular activating system.
brainsteam
41
The cerebellum can be divided into the ______, ____, and _____.
archeocerebellum, paleocerebellum, and neocerebellum
42
Where is the corpus callosum located?
deep in the longitudinal fissure
43
What connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres of the brain?
The corpus callosum
44
What is the purpose of Wernicke's area?
understanding of speech
45
What is the purpose Broca's area?
Motor control of speech
46
Where is Broca's area located?
The frontal area
47
T/F: Broca's area is connected to Wernicke's area via neural pathways.
True
48
What is the purpose of the cerebral cortex?
cognition, movement, and sensatoin
49
The precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe has what purpsoe?
movement
50
The postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe has what purpose?
Sensation
51
What brain structure is for memory and learning?
Hippocampus
52
What part of the brain is responsible for emotion, appetite, response to pain and stressor?
Amygadala
53
What part of the brain controls fine control of movement?
Basal ganglia
54
What is the purpose of the thalamus?
acts as a relay station that directs info to various cortical structures
55
What is the purpose of hypothalamus?
primary neurohumoral organ
56
Where are the thalamus and hypothalamus located?
Diencephalon
57
What is the purpose of the midbrain?
Auditory and visual tracts
58
What is the purpose of the pons?
Autonomic integration
59
What is the purpose of the RAS?
controls consciousness, arousal, and sleep
60
What is the purpose of the medulla?
Autonomic integration
61
What does the archicerebellum do?
Maintain equilibrium
62
What does the paleocerebellum do?
regulate muscle tone
63
What does the neocerebellum do?
Coordinates voluntary muscle movement
64
Where is RAS located?
Brainstem
65
Which CN is MOST likely to be compressed by pituitary tumor? A. Olfactory B. Optic C. Oculomotor D. Facial
B - Optic
66
How many CN pairs are there?
12
67
CN 1 - ________
Olfactory
68
CN 2 - _______
Optic
69
CN 3 - _______
Oculomotor
70
CN 4 - _______
Trochlear
71
CN 5 - ________
Trigeminal
72
CN 6 - _________
Abducens
73
CN 7 - _________
Facial
74
CN 8 - ______-
Vestibulocochlear
75
CN 9 - _______-
Glossophrayngeal
76
CN 10 - ________
Vagus
77
CN 11 - _________
Spinal Accessory
78
CN 12 - _________
Hypoglossal
79
__________ generates excruciating neuropathic pain in the face. What nerve is associated with it?
Tic douloureux; CN 5 (Trigeminal neuraglia CN 5)
80
What CNs control eye movement?
CN 3, 4, and 6
81
Bell Palsy results from injury to what CN?
CN 7 the facial nerve
82
What does Bell's palsy cause?
Ipsilateral facial paralysis
83
What CNs carry parasympathetic output?
CN 3, 7, 9, and 10
84
Sensory or Motor? CN 1
Sensory
85
Sensory or Motor? CN 2
Sensory
86
Sensory or Motor? CN 3
Motor
87
Sensory or Motor? CN 4
Motor
88
Sensory or Motor? CN 5
Both
89
Sensory or Motor? CN 6
Motor
90
Sensory or Motor? CN 7
Both
91
Sensory or Motor? CN 8
Sensory
92
Sensory or Motor? CN 9
Both
93
Sensory or Motor? CN 10
Both
94
Sensory or Motor? CN 11
Motor
95
Sensory or Motor? CN 12
Motor
96
How is the CN tested? CN 1
Smell
97
How is the CN tested? CN 2
Vision
98
How is the CN tested? CN 3
Eye movement and pupil constriction
99
How is the CN tested? CN 4
Eye movement
100
How is the CN tested? CN 5
Somatic sensation to face and anterior 2/3 of tongue; msucles of mastication
101
How is the CN tested? CN 6
eye movement
102
How is the CN tested? CN 7
Facial movement (except mastication), eyelid closing, taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
103
How is the CN tested? CN 8
hearing and balance
104
How is the CN tested? CN 9
Somatic sensation and taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue
105
How is the CN tested? CN 10
swallowing
106
How is the CN tested? CN 11
shoulder shrug
107
How is the CN tested? CN 12
tongue movement
108
What is the pneumonic to memorize CN function?
Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Bad Business to Marry Money
109
What does the inferior oblique muscle do for eye movment?
Extorsion and elevation
110
What does the lateral rectus muscle do for eye movment?
Abduction
111
What does the superior oblique muscle do for eye movment?
Intorsion and depression
112
What does the superior rectus muscle do for eye movment?
Supraduction
113
What does the medial rectus muscle do for eye movment?
Adduction
114
What does the Inferior rectus muscle do for eye movment?
infraduction
115
What CN does inferior oblique function with?
CN 3
116
What CN is lateral rectus muscle associated with?
CN 6
117
What CN is superior oblique associated with?
CN 4
118
What CN is superior rectus associated with?
CN 3
119
What CN is medial rectus associated with?
CN 3
120
What CN is inferior rectus associated with?
CN 3
121
With the exception of the _____, all of the CN are part of the peripheral nervous system.
Optic nerve (CN 2)
122
What is the only CN that is surrounded by the dura?
Optic nerve CN 2
123
What is the mnemonic for the five branches of the facial nerve?
Two Zebras Bit My Carrot
124
What nerve is responsible for 75% of all parasympathetic activity?
Vagus
125
What are the five branches of the CN 7?
1. temporal 2. zygomatic 3. buccal 4. mandibular 5. cervical
126
What are the 3 branches of the CN 5?
V1 - ophthalmic V2 - Maxillary V3 - mandibular
127
What muscle is associated with CN6? What movement?
Lateral rectus; abducens

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