NEURO

Question 1

what can damage to the middle meningeal artery result in?

Answer 1

extradural haemorrhage

Question 2

which nerve supplies sensory information to the dura mater of the skull?

Answer 2

CN V

Question 3

what is the role of arachnoid granulations in the skull?

Answer 3

reabsorbs CSF

Question 4

what is tentorium cerebelli?

Answer 4

a sheet of dura mater that covers the cerebellum

• attaches to the ridges of the petrous temporal bones
• has a central gap to permit the brainstem to pass through

Question 5

what is the diaphragm sellae?

Answer 5

a tough sheet of dura mater that forms a roof over the pituitary fossa

Question 6

what is the fax cerebri?

Answer 6

midline structure made of dura mater that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

Question 7

what does the right external carotid artery supply?

Answer 7

the neck, face and scalp

Question 8

what does the right internal carotid artery supply?

Answer 8

the brain

Question 9

in which area of the brain does the circle of willis lie?

Answer 9

in the subarachnoid space

Question 10

where is CSF produced?

Answer 10

the choroid plexus of the ventricles

Question 11

where is a lumbar puncture done?

Answer 11

L3/L4

Question 12

where does the subarachnoid space end?

Answer 12

S2

Question 13

how is hydrocephalus managed with a shunt?

Answer 13

ventricular peritoneal shunt

the shunt catheter is tunnelled beneath the skin of the neck and chest then sited within the peritoneal cavity

Question 14

between which two layers of the cranial cavity is an extradural haemorrhage?

Answer 14

bone and dura

Question 15

which artery is ruptured to cause an extradural haemorrhage?

Answer 15

middle meningeal artery

(trauma to the pterion)

Question 16

between which two layers is a subdural haemorrhage?

Answer 16

dura and arachnoid

Question 17

what is transtentorial (uncal) cherniation?

Answer 17

when the medial part of the temporal lobe herniates inferior to the tentorium cerebelli

compression of the oculomotor nerve leads to ipsilateral fixed pupil - blown pupil

Question 18

what is infratentorial herniation?

Answer 18

tonsillar herniation
the cerebellar tonsils herniate into the foramen magnum

Question 19

which type of herniation can cause a blown pupil?

Answer 19

transtentorial (uncle) herniation

Question 20

which cranial nerve is the only one to attach to the pons?

Answer 20

CN V

Question 21

where does CN V2 exit the skull?

Answer 21

foramen rotundum

Question 22

where does CN V3 exit the skull?

Answer 22

foramen ovale

Question 23

what does CN V1 supply?

Answer 23

upper eyelid

cornea

all the conjunctiva

skin of the root/bridge/tip of nose

Question 24

what does CN V2 supply?

Answer 24

skin of the lower eyelid

skin over the maxilla

skin of the ala of the nose

skin/mucosa of the upper lip

Question 25

what does CN V3 supply?

Answer 25

skin over the mandible and temporomandibular joint

Question 26

where does the facial nerve (CN VII) exit the skull?

Answer 26

internal acoustic meatus

Question 27

what does CN VII supply?

Answer 27

taste buds of the anterior 2/3rds of tongue (chorda tympani) submandibular and sublingual salivary glands (chorda tympani) right stapedius

Question 28

where does CN IX exit the skull?

Answer 28

jugular foramen

Question 29

what does CN IX supply?

Answer 29

posterior 1/3rd of tongue carotid sinus baroreceptors and carotid body chemoreceptors Eustachian tube middle ear cavity palatine tonsil afferent limb of the gag reflex

Question 30

where does CN X exit the skull?

Answer 30

jugular foramen

Question 31

what does unilateral pathology of CN X do?

Answer 31

unilateral pathology pulls uvula away from the non-functioning side

Question 32

where is the dermatome for the perineum?

Answer 32

S4

Question 33

where is the dermatome for the umbilicus?

Answer 33

T10

Question 34

where is the dermatome for the nipple?

Answer 34

T4

Question 35

where is the dermatome for the middle finger?

Answer 35

C7

Question 36

where is the dermatome for the badge patch area?

Answer 36

C5

Question 37

what are the nerve roots of the radial nerve?

Answer 37

C6, C7, C8

Question 38

what are the nerve roots of the ulnar nerve?

Answer 38

C8, T1

Question 39

what are the nerve roots of the median nerve?

Answer 39

C6, C7, C8, T1

Question 40

what are the myotomes of the cervical plexus?

Answer 40

C1-C4

Question 41

what are the myotomes of the brachial plexus?

Answer 41

C5-T1

Question 42

what are the myotomes of the lumbosacral plexus?

Answer 42

L1-S4

Question 43

which spinal level is the knee reflex testing?

Answer 43

L4

Question 44

which spinal level is the ankle reflex testing?

Answer 44

S1

Question 45

define paralysis?

Answer 45

a muscle without a functioning motor nerve supply cannot contract would have reduced tone on examination

Question 46

define spasticity?

Answer 46

muscle has an intact and functioning motor nerve the descending controls from the brain are not working on examination the muscle has increased tone