Neuro Flashcards
(30 cards)
Two types of information transmitted
- somatic
- autonomic
Matches sensory environment with our body’s needs
Yep
Two main cell types of the nervous system
Neurons
Glia
Neurons are ____ specialised for _____ of ________
There are ____ morphological cell types
Nerurons are Cells specialised for transmission of information
There are Four morphological types
3 general features of Glia
- Support for neurons
- Five basic types - 4 in CNS, 1 in PNS
- Each type has specific function
Neurons - structural components
Dendrites (2 features)
- receive input
- send info into the cell
Cell body (2 futures)
- contains nucleus and organelles
- sums input
Axon (2 features)
- Carrie’s electrical impulses
- may or may not be myelinated
Axon terminals (2 features)
- end (terminus) of the axon
- neurotransmitter release
Organisation of the nervous system in the CNS
Group of cell bodies - nuclei
Bundle of axons - tract
Group of cell bodies in the cerebral cortex or spinal cord - grey matter
Bundle of axons in cerebral cortex or spinal cord - white matter
Organisation of the nervous system in the PNS
Group of cell bodies - ganglion
Bundle of axons - nerve
Neurons - functional components - IMPUT ZONE:
- Contains dendrites and cell body
- Receives CHEMICAL SIGNALS from other neurons
Neurons - functional components - SUMMATION ZONE
- Contains axon hillock
- summation of inputs
Neurons - functional components - CONDUCTION ZONE
- contains axon, may be quite long
- carry electrical signals between brain areas, to and from spinal cord or from peripheral sensory receptors and to effector cells
Neurons - functional components - OUTPUT ZONE
- contains axon terminals
- contact with input zone of other neurons or effectors
- release of neurotransmitter = chemical signal
Axon hillock definition
Anatomical location where Imputs are summated before action potential
4 morphological types of neurons
KNOW STRUCTURES OF ALL 4
- Multipolar - multiple processes emanate from the cell body
- Bipolar - two processes emanate from the cell body
- Unipolar - one process enamates from the cell body, then branches into depreciate and axon - has an output and input
- Anaxonic (axonless) - no distinct axon, all processes look alike
4 cells of the central nervous system GLIA
- astrocytes
- microglia
- ependymal cells
- oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes 3 features
- supply nutrients to neurons
- ensheath blood capillaries
- injury response
Microglia 2 features
- immune cells of CNA
- engulf microorganisms and debris
Ependymal cells 2 features
- line fluid-filled spaces of the brain and spinal cord
- have cilia to circulate CSF
Oligodendrocytes 2 features
- support nerve fibres
- ensheath them with myelin
Cells of the peripheral nervous system Glia - 3 features
-Schwann cells (maybe axon/nerve fiber and neuron too Idk check the slides bro)
Features:
- support peripheral nerve fibres
- ensheath them with myelin (wrapped palsma membrane around axon)
- similar to oligodendrocytes (CNS)
Myelin sheath
- is lipid wrapped around axon
- comes from oliodendrocytes in the CNS
- comes from Schwann cells in the PNS
PURPOSE: INCREASES CONDUCTION VELOCITY
Structure of the myelin sheath
Myelin sheath :
- multiple Schwann cells in line
Nodes of Ranvier :
- gaps between myelin
- increases conduction velocity
Communication between neaurons occurs through a junction called a ______
Synapse
Communication between neurons process:
- Electrical signal (AP) travels down the axon of one neuron and releases neurotransmitter (chemical signal) from axon terminal
- contains synaptic vesicles (little packets of neurotransmitter)
- pre-synaptic neuron (before the synapse
SYNAPTIC CLEFT - CHEMICAL CHEMICAL
- the second neutron contains receptors for neurotransmitter
- post synaptic neuron (after synapse)
