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NUR 223 > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 categories is assessment inferred through?

A

Appearance
Behaviors
Cognition
Thought process

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2
Q

What do you assess for appearance?

A

Posture, movements, grooming

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3
Q

What do you assess for behaviors?

A

Level of alertness, expressions, speech, mood, appropriateness of response

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4
Q

What do you assess for cognition?

A

Attention, memory, judgement

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5
Q

What do you assess for cognition?

A

Attention, memory, judgement

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6
Q

What do you access for thought process?

A

Does thought content make sense
Is it logical
Is it relevant

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7
Q

What is the general survey cue?

A

Physical appearance
Body structure
Mobility
Behaviors

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8
Q

What is physical appearance general survey cue?

A

Stated age
Color
LOC
Symmetry of features

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9
Q

What do you assess for body structure in the general survey cue?

A

Symmetry
Position
Posture

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10
Q

What do you assess for mobility in the general survey cue?

A

ROM

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11
Q

What do you assess for behavior in the general survey cue?

A

Expression, speech, dress, mood, hygiene, etc.

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12
Q

What are the stroke signs?

A

Balance
Eyesight
Facial drop
Arm
Speech
Time to call 911/terrible headache

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13
Q

What three things do you do for a neurological assessment?

A

Orientation
Level of consciousness
Pupils

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14
Q

How do you assess orientation?

A

Question about person place and time
Should be a verbal response

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15
Q

How do you assess orientation?

A

Question about person place and time
Should be a verbal response

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16
Q

How do you assess LOC?

A

Descriptors: alert, lethargic, obtunded, stupor, coma
Glasgow coma scale: eye opening, motor response, verbal response

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17
Q

What 5 things do you assess when assessing the pupils?

A

Size
Shape
Equality
Reacts to light
Accommodation

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18
Q

When and what do you document

A

Document right after assessment
Document your findings and compare to prior assessments as you are charting

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19
Q

What do you assess for the muscoskeletal system at the bedside?

A

Strength and symmetry of the hands
Strength and symmetry of the feet during plantar flexion and dorsi flexion

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20
Q

What are the functions of the musculoskeletal system?

A

Protect organs, provide structural support, movement, red blood cell formation, and mineral absorption

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21
Q

Osteo

A

Bone

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22
Q

Ligament

A

Tissue that connects bone to bone

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23
Q

Joint

A

Two or more bones come together

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24
Q

Tendon

A

Tough, flexible bands that connect muscles to bones

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25
Patella
Kneecap
26
Malleoli
Protrudings at the ankle joint
27
Active Range of Motion
Using muscles to control joints without assistance
28
Passive ROM
Movement caused by an outside source
29
Mobility
Ability to move around
30
ADLS
Activities of daily living Used to function in all aspects of life: bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting, eating, drinking, moving/transferring
31
Medial
Middle
32
Medial
Middle
33
Anterior
Front
34
Posterior
Back
35
Inferior
Bottom
36
Superior
Top
37
Proximal
Towards
38
Distal
Away
39
Deformities
Alteration or distortion of a body part
40
Crepitus
Crackling sound
41
Atrophy
Wasting away
42
Flexion
Bending/decreasing angle
43
Plantar flexion
Foot flexing down
44
Dorsi flexion
Foot flexing up
45
Extension
Straightening/ making the angle bigger
46
Hyperextension
Going beyond normal limits
47
Rotation
Moving the joint all around
48
Abduction
Moving away from midline
49
Adduction
Moving towards body
50
Prone
Palms facing down
51
Supine
Palms facing up
52
Elevation
Rise above normal
53
Depression
Lower below normal
54
Weight bearing
Putting weight on a joint
55
OT
Occupational therapy
56
PT
Physical therapy
57
List the section of the spine in order
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccyx
58
What are the two parts of the nervous system
Central Peripheral
59
What are the components of the central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
60
What are the components of the peripheral nervous system
Cranial nerves Spinal nerves
61
What functions do the cranial nerves support?
Brain function See Taste Smell Hear Feel
62
What is the purpose of neurological exam as part of the beside assessment
Essential for diagnosing suspected peripheral neuropathies
63
Cerebral cortex
Outer layer of cerebrum, mode of gray matter
64
Thalamus
Relay station in the brain that processes sensory and motor signals from various locations.
65
Hypothalamus
Located deep in brain. Maintains homeostasis, body temperature, hormones, thirst, hunger, stress hormones
66
Cerebellum
Back of brain, essential for coordinating muscle movements and maintaining posture and balance
67
Brain stem
Regulating autonomic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion
68
Parietal lobe
Sensory cortex Interpreting signals of touch, position, pain, and temperature
69
Frontal Lobe
Motor cortex, memory, speech, language, personality, decision making Broca’s area: speech
70
Occipital
Visual cortex, visual processing, and interpretation
71
Temporal lobe
Hearing and recognizing language, auditory cortex, Wermickes area: comprehension of verbal and written language
72
Neuro
Nerve relating to nervous system
73
CVA/stroke
Cerebrovascular accident Sudden death of brain cells due to inadequate blood flow
74
Two types of stroke
Ischemic: blockage of artery Hemorrhagic: caused by bleeding
75
TIA
Transient ischemic attack(mini stroke) Temporary disruption in blood supply to the brain
76
Symmetry
Body parts look equally bilaterally and relative proportion
77
Asymmetry
Lack of symmetry
78
Midline
Central axis of the body
79
Upper extremities
Arms
80
Lower extremities
Legs
81
Hyper
Above
82
Hypo
Below
83
Tri
Three
84
Bi
Two
85
Bi
Two
86
Alert
Awake or readily aroused and oriented
87
Lethargic
Not fully alert/ drifts in and out
88
Obtunded
Transitional state between lethargy and stupor/ sleeps most the time and difficult to arouse
89
Stupor/semi-coma
Spontaneously unconscious, responds to vigorous shaking or pain
90
Coma
Completely unconscious No response
91
What are the three parts of the Glasgow Coma Scale
Eyes:1-4 Speech:1-5 Motor:1-6
92
Prosis
Drooping of upper lid
93
Nystagmus
Rapid uncontrolled movements
94
Strabismus
Squint, crossed eye
95
Diplopia
Double vision
96
Gait
Pattern of walking
97
Ataxia
Uncoordinated walking
98
Hemiplegia
Paralysis of one side of the body
99
Paraplegia
Paralysis of the lower body
100
Quadriplegia
Paralysis of the body from the neck down
101
Paresthesia
Tingling feeling
102
Paralysis
Loss of muscle function
103
Aphasia
Loss of ability to understand/express speech
104
Intact
As expected/complete
105
Bilateral
Both sides
106
Unilateral
One side
107
Epiphysis
Red bone marrow
108
Diaphysis
Yellow bone marrow
109
Metaphysics
Growth plate
110
Osteoblasts
Bone forming
111
Osteoclast
Bone destroying
112
What are calcium and phosphorus good for
Bone formation
113
Vitamin D is important for
Calcium absorption
114
What is calcitonin good for
Toning down the calcium levels in the blood
115
What is PTH good for
Bringing calcium out of the bone and into the blood
116
What are the steps of the musculoskeletal exam for the bedside
Assess strength with bilateral hand grasps Assess strength with plantar flexion and dorsi flexion against resistance
117
What are the steps of the musculoskeletal exam for the bedside
Assess strength with bilateral hand grasps Assess strength with plantar flexion and dorsi flexion against resistance
118
Musculoskeletal grading scale
5-100-normal-complete ROM w full resistance 4-75-good-complete ROM w some resistance 3-50-fair-complete ROM w no resistance 2-25-poor-complete ROM w gravity omitted 1-10-trace-evidence of slight contract-ability 0-0-zero-no evidence of contractability
119
What two assessment techniques are used during the musculoskeletal exam for the bedside assessment?
Bilateral hand grasps and bilateral plantar+dorsi flexion
120
What two assessment techniques are used during the musculoskeletal exam for the bedside assessment?
Bilateral hand grasps and bilateral plantar+dorsi flexion
121
Document assessment finds for your patient who is able to grasp both of your hands with full strength against resistance
Hand grasp:5
122
Document assessment finds for your patient who is able to push both feet up with full strength against the pressure/opposing force of your hands
Plantar and dorsi flexiion
123
What do the letters of the acronym SBAR represent
Situation Background Assessment Resolution
124
What are the steps of the neurological exam as part of the bedside assessment
Orientation LOC Pupil
125
Write three questions that can be used to assess each of the 3 aspects of your patients orientation
Where are you currently What is todays date What is your name
126
What objective scale is used to assess the level of consciousness
Glasgow coma scale
127
What are the 5 qualities of the eyes are assessed as part of the neurological exam?
Size Shape Accommodation Reaction to light Equality
128
From the comp tool, what are the 4 quality/safety requirements that must be met during every patient encounter
Introduce self and role Hand hygiene Double identifier Explains procedure
129
BEFAST meaning
Balance Eye sight Facial drooping Arm Speech Time to call 911 or terrible headache
130
Document orientation findings for someone who is able to state his name, location, and date?
Verbal response:5

NUR 223 (5 decks)

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