NEURO Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
Structural, Functional Unit
A
NEURONS
2
Q
Chemical Messengers
A
Neurotransmitters
3
Q
Cerebrum - ______, _______, _______
A
Motor, Sensory, Thoughts/Learning
4
Q
Brain consist of 2 hemisphere:
A
Left & Right Hemisphere
5
Q
Left hemisphere is responsible for 2L’s
A
- Logic
- Language
6
Q
Right hemisphere is responsible for 3T’s
A
- emoTion
- arTistic
- spaTial
7
Q
Motor, Sensory Control are?
A
Contralateral
8
Q
Cerebral Cortex - ______ layer
A
outermost layer
9
Q
Mental Status - morals, emotions, reasoning and judgement, concentration, abstraction, and memory retention
A
Frontal Lobe
10
Q
Speech Center
A
Brocas Area
11
Q
Aphasia:______cannot speak
A
Expressive Aphasia
12
Q
Parietal Lobe is responsible for 2P’s & 3T’s
A
- Pain
- Pressure
- Touch
- Taste
- Temperature
13
Q
What lobe is the visual center?
A
Occipital lobe
14
Q
Cannot/Unable read
A
Alexia
15
Q
What lobe is the auditory center of the brain?
A
Temporal Lobe
16
Q
Region of the brain that responsible for comprehending speech:
A
Wernicke’s area
17
Q
Cannot understand words/symbols:
A
Receptive Aphasia
18
Q
Limbic system is responsible for ______.
A
Emotion
19
Q
convert short-term to long-term memory
A
Hippocampus
20
Q
short-term to long-term memory loss
A
Dementia
21
Q
Responsible for Sex, Emotion (SEA)
A
Amygdala
22
Q
Responsible for Sex, Emotion (SEA)
A
Amygdala
23
Q
coordinates balance, posture
A
Cerebellum
24
Q
Diencephalon contains ______, ______, ______.
A
Epithalamus, Thalamus, Hypothalamus
25
Responsible in *secreting melatonin*
**Epithalamus**
26
relays sensory information to cortex
**Thalamus**
27
links between the nervous and endocrine system by regulating **pituitary** gland
**Hypothalamus**
28
Regulates **ANS**→responses of **SNS, PNS**
**Hypothalamus**
29
Also known as **Thermoregulatory Center**
**Hypothalamus**
30
Regulates vital body functions such as HR, BP, RR **SURVIVAL**
**Brain stem**
31
- Regulates *motor coordination*
- Integrates: **Visual reflex** and **Auditory reflex**
**Midbrain**
32
Regulates the **rhythm of breathing**
**Pons**
33
Region of pons that **prolongs inhalation**
**Apneustic Center**
34
Region of pons that **contributes to exhalation**
**Pneumotaxic Center**
35
- vital center
- Reflex center for coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting
- Cardiovascular - respiratory regulation: RR, BP, HR
- Decussation of nerve fibers: **lower medulla**
**Medulla Oblongata**
36
Reticular Activating System - Controls ________________
**sleep-wake cycles**
37
Neurotransmitters of PNS:
**Acetylcholine**
38
Neurotransmitter of SNS:
**Norepinephrine, Epinephrine**
39
Pharmacology of PNS:
**- (+) Cholinergic
- (-) Anticholinergic**
40
Pharmacology of SNS:
**- (+) Adrenergic
- (-) Sympatholytics**
41
Effects on PNS:
"**PARA**-tae, -ihi, dura"
"**ALL** low, slow, except GI/GU"
42
Effects on SNS:
"**DI** maka-tae, -ihi, dura"
"**ALL** high, fast except GI/GU"
43
GI effect on PNS:
**Diarrhea**
44
GI effect on SNS:
- **Constipation**
- **Emesis**
45
Sweat gland effect on PNS & SNS:
both **Diaphoresis**
46
GU effect on PNS:
**Urination**
47
GU effects on SNS:
**Retention**
48
Eyes during PNS:
**Miosis** (constriction)
49
Eyes during SNS:
**Mydriasis** (dilation)
50
HR during PNS:
**Bradycardia**
51
HR during SNS:
**Tachycardia**
52
Respiratory Tract during PNS:
**Bronchoconstriction**
53
Respiratory Tract during SNS:
**Bronchodilation**
54
Lacrimal Gland during PNS:
**⬆️Lacrimation**
55
Lacrimal Gland during SNS:
**No Tearing**
56
LOC in PNS:
**Lethargic**
57
LOC in SNS:
**Alert**
58
Salivary Glands during PNS:
**⬆️Salivation**
59
Salivary Glands during SNS:
**No saliva**
60
What CN responsible for **smell**?
**CN I** Olfactory
61
What CN responsible for **vision**?
**CN II** Optic
62
What CN responsible for **eye movement, elevation of lids, miosis**?
**CN III** Oculomotor
63
What CN responsible for **inward-downward eye movement**?
**CN IV** Trochlear
64
What CN responsible for **mastication, facial sensation**?
**CN V** Trigeminal
65
What CN responsible for **outward eye movement**?
**CN VI** Abducens
66
What CN responsible for **facial expression**? *model face (Zour, Zweet, Zalty)*
**CN VII** Facial
67
What CN responsible for **balance, hearing**?
**CN VIII** Vestibulocochlear
68
What CN responsible for **gag-reflex, bitter tatse**?
**CN IX** Glossopharyngeal
69
What CN responsible for **⬇️HR, ⬆️GI motility**?
**CN X** Vagus
70
What CN responsible for **shoulder, neck movement**?
**CN XI** Acessory
71
What CN responsible for **tongue of tongue**?
**CN XII** Hypoglossal
72
Sensory disorder of the CN V?
**Trigeminal Neuralgia**
73
BON other term for *Trigeminal Neuralgia*:
**Tic Doloreaux**
74
Types of pain in Trigeminal Neuralgia **3S**:
- Sharp
- Stabbing
- Severe
75
What triggers Trigeminal Neuralgia? **ChEWB**
- **Ch**ewing
- **E**xtreme temp.
- **W**ashing
- **B**rushing
76
What is the management **goal** for trigeminal neuralgia?
⬇️Pain
77
What to *avoid* in trigeminal neuralgia?
**ChEWB**
78
What is the management **oral care** for trigeminal neuralgia?
Gargle
79
Management **diet** for Trigeminal Neuralgia?
- Consistency: **soft, liquid**
- Portion: **small**
- Chew: **unaffected**
80
Management **diet** for Trigeminal Neuralgia?
- Consistency: **soft, liquid**
- Portion: **small**
- Chew: **unaffected**
81
What **drug** given to trigeminal neuralgia?
Carbamazepine (Tegetrol)
82
Bell's palsy is a motor damage of the CN____.
CN V
83
The most common cause of **bell's palsy** is _____ specifically _____.
Viral infection: **Herpes**
84
What's the **hallmark** sign of bell's palsy?
Facial paralysis
85
Facial paralysis on Bell's palsy was ______.
unilateral
86
How long was the **recovery** of bell's palsy?
12 wks
87
Is there **residual effects** upon recovering from bell's palsy?
No residual effects
88
Drugs given for bell's palsy?
- Antiviral: "clovir" **acyclovir**
- Steroids: "sone" **Prednisone**
89
**activity** intervention for bell's palsy?
Facial exercise
90
Bell's palsy **eyes** are dry. What should be given?
Lubricating eye drops
91
Bell's palsy patient should **chew** on the ______.
Unaffected side
92
↑ intracranial bulk → ↑ pressure in cranial vault → cerebral hypoxia
INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE
93
pressure to maintain blood flow to brain
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP)
94
Normal ICP:
5-15mmHg
95
Normal MAP:
70-100mmHg
96
Normal CPP:
60-100mmHg
97
↑ Brain Volume **(80%)**
Cerebral tumor, abscess, edema → infection or trauma
98
↑ Brain Volume **(10%)**
Cerebral hemorrhage, thrombosis, embolism, aneurysm, A-V
malformation
99
↑ CSF **(10%)**
Obstruction of CSF outflow → brain tumor, hydrocephalus; Overproduction
of CSF → choroid plexus tumor
100
__________ doctrine → “if one vol. ↑, the other two vol. compensates by ↓”
Monroe doctrine
101
EMERGENCY → _______ → ____ minutes → irreversible ____________
EMERGENCY → **hypoxia** → **4-6** minutes → irreversible **brain damage**
102
EMERGENCY → _______ → ____ minutes → irreversible ____________
EMERGENCY → **hypoxia** → **4-6** minutes → irreversible **brain damage**
103
What are the **early sign** of ICP on Adult and Pedia?
- Adults: **altered LOC**
- Pedia: **high pitched cry**
104
Clinical manifestations of ICP in the **eyes**?
**Pallidema** - optic nerve swelling
105
A clinical manifestation on ICP where head movement → eyes remain midline or move in same direction.
(-) Doll eye sign
106
A clinical manifestation on ICP where there is flexion of UE, extension of LE.
Decortication
107
A clinical manifestation on ICP where there is extension UE, extension of LE.
Decerebration
108
Patient with ICP what type of vomiting they are in?
Projectile vomiting
109
**Respiratory depression** is a clinical manifestation in ICP. It also called _____.
Cheyne stokes
110
Vital signs changes in ICP: **Cushing triad's**
**Hyper**tension
**Brady**cardia
**Brady**pnea
Pulse pressure: **widened**
111
**Fatal** clinical manifestation in ICP?
Herniation
112
Maximum score in GCS?
15
113
Minimum score in GCS?
3
114
Intubation score in GCS?
≤ 8
115
How will you elicit pain in **central** while assessing GCS?
sternal rub, supraorbital, trapezius pinch
116
How will you elicit pain in **peripheral** while assessing GCS?
Nail beds
117
GCS scoring in **eyes**
4 - spontaenous
3 - speech
2 - pain
1 - no response
118
GCS scoring in **verbal**
5 - oriented
4 - confused
3 - inappropriate sounds
2 - incompressible sounds
1 - no response
119
GCS scoring in **motor**
6 - obeys command
5 - localize (toward)
4 - withdraws (away)
3 - decortication
2 - decerebrate
1 - no response
