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Neuro 2 Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

Common Neurotransmitters

A

Dopamine
Serotonin
Epinephrine
Noepinephrine

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2
Q

Beta-Blockers

A

-olol
timolol & betaxolol

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3
Q

Beta-Blocker Action

A

Used for Glaucoma
-decreases aqueous humor production
-Block B1&B2
-Will decrease pressure in the eye

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4
Q

Alpha2 Agonist

A

-nidine
brimonidine

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5
Q

Alpha2 Agonist action & side effects

A

facilitates outflow and decreases production by stimulating alpha receptors

Does not cross the blood-brain barrier

SE: hypotension, drowsiness, and fatigue

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6
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

A

-zolamide
dorzolamide

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7
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors characteristics

A

-decreases aqueous production
-chemically related to sulfa antibiotics
-can be given as a diuretic

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8
Q

Prostaglandin

A

-prost
Latanoprost & bimatoprost

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9
Q

Prostaglandin Characteristics

A

-considered just as effective as beta-blockers - have fewer side effects
-facilitates outflow by stimulating prostaglandin F receptors
-SE: eye discoloration and eyelash growth

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10
Q

Cholinergic Agonist

A

-pilocarpine

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11
Q

Pilocarpine

A

-used to decrease pressure and used for eye surgeries
-Miosis or constriction of the pupil (pin-point pupils)
-SE: decreased visual acuity

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12
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

A

-Echothiopate
-inhibit breakdown of acetylcholine
-same ocular effects as pilocarpine

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13
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

-pam & -lam
-lorazapam, alprazolam, diazepam
-most common meds for anxiety
-highly addictive

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14
Q

Benzo Reversal Agent

A

Flumazenil

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15
Q

Benzo Characteristics

A
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16
Q

Non-benzos

A

-buspirone
-boost serotonin and dopamine

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17
Q

Buspirone characteristics

Study These Flashcards
A

-does not cause sedation or interact with other CNS stimulants
-cannot take prn - takes 2-4 weeks to onset
-SE: paradoxical anxiety, blurred vision, HA, nausea
-Serotonin Syndrome
-safer than benzos

18
Q

Buspirone Interactions

Study These Flashcards
A

CYP3A4
-do not take with grapefruit juice
-no tolerance, dependence, or withdrawal

19
Q

MAOI (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibiter)

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A

-stops breakdown of monoamines which include 5-HT, Dopamine, and NE
-phenelzine
-selegiline
-used for depression

20
Q

MAOI side effects

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A

-CNS stimulation
-Orthostatic Hypotension
-Hypertensive crisis from Tyramine
-interacts with NUMEROUS other meds

21
Q

TCA (Tricyclic Antidepressants)

Study These Flashcards
A

-work by improving 5-HT and NE availability
-migraines, insomnia, neuropathic pain syndromes
-can be used for bedwetting and OCD
-Amitriptyline
-doxepin

22
Q

Amitriptyline (TCA)

Study These Flashcards
A

-avoid using
-no reversal agent
-cardiac toxicity - overdose is lethal
-symptoms worsen with alcohol
-Orthostatic hypotension, drowsiness = take at night
-contraindicated w/ other CNS depressants, MAOI, anticholinergics
-monitor for sucidial ideation

23
Q

TCA Overdose

Study These Flashcards
A

-Anticholinergicgic syndrome
-3 ‘Cs’ = coma, convulsions, cardiac conduction abnormalities
-QRS > 0.12 sec is a predictor of toxicity

24
Q

SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)

Study These Flashcards
A

-block reuptake of 5-HT
-fluoxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, paroxetine, sertaline
-used for major depression
-also used for other mental conditions

25
SSRI Nursing Considerations
SE: sexual dysfunction (drug holidays) and weight gain -increased risk of suicide with initial treatment - take in the morning with insomnia -elevated risk of GI bleed with NSAIDs -Hyponatremia: syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone -do not take paroxetine with pregnancy
26
Serotonin Syndrome
-too much serotonin -can happen 2-73 hours after starting treatment SE: delirium, anxiety, tachycardia, hyperreflexia, and tremors -treat symptoms
26
Discontinuation Syndrome
-Happens after stopping quickly SE: flu-like symptoms, insomnia, nausea, imbalance, sensory disturbances
27
SNRI
-blockade of 5-HT, NE, and slightly blocks dopamine reuptake -venlafaxine, duloxetine -used for major depression and generalized anxiety disorder SE: same as SSRI with nausea, HTN, and anorexia
28
bupropion use
-Atypical depressant -used to treat depression, smoking addiction, and used as an adjunct to combat sexual side effects of other antidepressants -can lower seizure threshold -drug interaction: azole antifungals SE: appetite suppression
29
what is Mirtazapine?
-atypical depression -promotes release of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain
30
Mirtazapine therapeutic effects
-used for depression and bipolar disorder -activates histamine receptor activity (causes sedation) = take at night -may give to older patients who need to gain weight -may use for sexual dysfunction -SE: appetite stimulant
31
what is trazodone?
-atypical depression -serotonin antagonist reuptake inhibiter
32
trazodone therapuetic effects
used for depression or insomnia -strong sedative and only taken at night -SE: priapism (prolonged erection) -minimal anticholinergic effects
33
Lithium
-mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder -used for bipolar disorder w/ euphoric mania -also used with schizophrenia, ETOH, bulimia, and for children with chronic neutropenia -monitor blood levels (initial range 0.8-1.4) (maintenance range 0.4-1)
34
Lithium Side Effects
L-leukocytes I- increased T- tremors H - low thyroid I - increased U - urination- M - mothers contraindicated
35
Lithium Drug Interactions
No Ace in the Hold -NSAIDs -Diuretics -Ace inhibitors
36
Lithium Education
-consistent diet in water and sodium intake -report anytime they get sick -exercise
37
Typical Antipsychotics
-chlorpromazine, haloperidol -block NE, ACh, Dopamine, and Histamine receptors -produce tranquil effect -used for schizophrenia, manic bipolar, and hiccups (Thorazine)
38
Typical Antipsychotics implications
-cardiac arrhythmias: prolonged QT -Anticholinergic effect -sedation -weight gain -hyperprolactinemia - breast growth and discharge, ED in males -Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: high fever, unstable BP, LOC
39
EPS symptoms
-Akathisia: give benzos Dystonia: diphenhydramine -Tardive Dyskinesia: benztropine and diphenhydramine -Parkinson-like symptoms: changing doses of dopamine
40
Atypical Antipsychotics
-block dopamine and 5HT -risperidone, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine -improve symptom control in psychosis
41
Atypical implications
-weight gain -metabolic syndrome can lead to more cardiac problems -EPS symptoms with higher doses -CNS effect -Agranulocytosis

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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