NEURO Flashcards
(19 cards)
EMBRYO
When does Neurulation begin in fetal development?
(see note package)
3rd Week
EMBRYO
Which structure induces the formation of the nervous system?
The formation of which 2 structures does it directly induce?
Notochord
Neuroectoderm + Neural folds
EMBRYO
Describe development of Neuroectoderm.
Neuroectoderm -> Neural Plate -> CNS neurons
-> Ependymal cells
-> Astrocytes & Oligodendrocytes
(… then during closure of Neural Tube…)
-> Neural Crest Cells -> Sensory neurons
-> Postganglionic neurons
EMBRYO
Describe development of Neural Folds.
Neural Folds -> Neural Tube
EMBRYO
Describe (generally + specifically) the development of the Neural Tube.
(Neural tube runs along cranial-caudal axis of embryo)
General: Neural Tube -> Brain + SC
- Alar plate + Basal plate separated by sulcus limitans
- 3 primary vesicles -> 5 secondary vesicles
Specific: Neural Tube - Wall -> CNS tissue
- Hollow lumen -> SC canal + Ventricles
- Neural Crest -> PNS neurons + Schwann c
EMBRYO
Name:
- 3 primary vesicles
- 5 secondary vesicles
- Adult structures derived from the Neural Tube walls + cavities
(Neuro Embryo note package p 2)
EMBRYO
Aortic Arch Derivatives #1
- When do they develop?
- What are they?
- What structure does each Aortic Arch travel through?
- What do they become after the 5th wk?
- 5th wk
- Series of paired arteries + veins that supply embryo.
- Pharyngeal arch
- Adult arterial system
EMBRYO
Aortic Arch Derivatives #2
1st Arch -> ? 2nd Arch -> ? 3rd Arch -> ? 4th Arch -> ? 6th Arch -> ?
(Neuro Embryo note package p 3)
1st Arch -> Maxillary artery
2nd Arch -> Hyoid artery + Stapedial artery
3rd Arch -> Carotid artery (Common + Proximal Internal)
4th Arch -> Aortic Arch (left) + R Subclavian artery (right)
6th Arch -> Pulmonary arteries + Ductus arteriosus (left)
EMBRYO
Branchial (Pharyngeal) Apparatus
3 components + derivations of each?
- Clefts / Grooves (ectoderm)
- Arches (mesoderm + neural crests = mesenchyme)
- Pouches (endoderm)
EMBRYO
Branchial Clefts
1st Cleft -> ?
2nd - 4th Clefts -> ?
1st Cleft -> External Auditory Meatus
2nd-4th Clefts -> TEMPORARY cervical sinuses
(obliterated by prolif of 2nd Arch mesenchyme)
EMBRYO
Branchial Arches #1
For each arch, name: cartilage, muscles, nerves, organs / region that it becomes.
1st Arch -> (cartilage, 4 muscles + 1 muscle group, 2 nerves,
organ / region)?
(Neuro Embryo note package p 3)
1st Arch -> Meckel’s cartilage
-> Mastication muscles, Mylohyoid, Digastric (ant belly),
Tensor tympani & Tensor veli palatini
-> V2 & V3
-> Ant 2/3 of Tongue
EMBRYO
Branchial Arches #2
2nd Arch -> (cartilage, 3 muscles + 1 muscle group, 1 nerve)?
2nd Arch -> Reichert’s cartilage
-> Muscles of facial expression, Stapedius, Stylohyoid,
Digastric (post belly)
-> Facial nerve = CN 7
EMBRYO
Branchial Arches #3
3rd Arch -> (cartilage forming ___,1 muscle, 1 nerve)?
3rd Arch -> GREATER horn of hyoid
- > Stylopharyngeus
- > Glossopharyngeal nerve = CN 9
EMBRYO
Branchial Arches #4
4th Arch -> (2 muscles + 1 muscle group, nerve + branch)
4th Arch -> Pharyngeal constrictors,
Cricothyroid, Levator veli palatini
-> Vagus nerve = CN 10, superior laryngeal branch
EMBRYO
Branchial Arches #5
6th Arch -> (1 muscle group, nerve + branch)?
6th Arch -> Intrinsic muscles of Larynx (except cricothyroid)
-> Vagus nerve = CN 10, recurrent laryngeal branch
EMBRYO
Branchial Pouches #1
“Ear, Tonsils, Bottom To Top”
1st Pouch -> ?
(Neuro Embryo note package p 4)
1st Pouch -> Middle Ear cavity
(and eustachian tube + mastoid air cells
= endoderm-lined structures of ear)
EMBRYO
Branchial Pouches #2
2nd Pouch -> ?
2nd Pouch -> Palatine Tonsils
EMBRYO
Branchial Pouches #3
3rd Pouch - Dorsal wings -> ?
- Ventral wings -> ?
3rd Pouch - Dorsal wings -> Inferior Parathyroids
- Ventral wings -> Thymus
EMBRYO
Branchial Pouches #4
4th Pouch -> ?
4th Pouch -> Superior Parathroids
